中国树莓科学研究和产业发展的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of Scientific Research and Industrial Development of Raspberry in China

中国树莓果树资源丰富,分布广、抗性强、产量高,果实中活性成分种类多、功效强,具有悠久的入药历史。早在1800年前,以覆盆子为名记载于我国《神农草本经》《本草纲目》等药物典籍中。1981年,吉林农业大学郝瑞教授从美国引进树莓品种,于1991年提请审定了中国第一个树莓品种——红宝玉。1999年,中国林业科学院张清华教授引入50种树莓实生苗,2002年在辽宁、黑龙江实现了树莓的推广种植。2012年,全国20多个省开展了黑莓和红树莓的引种工作,2015年,全国树莓栽培面积为13465.7 hm^(2),产量达10.8万t,解决了树莓杂交育种、组织培养、根孽繁育、扦插育苗、土壤改良、种植管理、采后保鲜、加工销售等技术难题,树莓产业发展逐步完善。在对中国1981年至2019年树莓科学研究与产业发展回顾与分析的基础上,提出了我国树莓产业化发展道路:推广优良品种、规范种植管理、实现周年供应、完善产业配置、助力信息推广。

Raspberry fruit trees were rich in resources, wide in distribution, and of high resistance and high yield in China. There have been many kinds of active ingredients in fruits, with a long history of medication. As early as 1 800 years ago, it was recorded in Shennong′s Herbal Classic of Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica. In 1981, Prof. Hao Rui from Jilin Agricultural University introduced raspberry varieties from the United States. In 1991, he submitted for approval the first raspberry variety(boyne) in China. In 1999, Prof. Zhang Qinghua from the Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences introduced 50 kinds of seedlings of raspberry, and in 2002, the raspberry was planted in Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces. Up to 2012, over twenty provinces had been cultivating raspberry, till the year of 2015, the total area of which was approximately 13 465.7 hm^(2), and its yield reached 108 000 t in China.During the industrial development period, the key technical difficulties of raspberry hybridization breeding, tissue culture, rooting seedling breeding, cutting breeding, soil improvement, planting management, postharvest freshness preservation, processing and sales were solved. Based on the reviews and analyses of researches and industrial development of raspberry from 1981 to 2019 in China, the development path of promoting fine varieties, standardizing planting management, achieving anniversary supply, improving industrial allocation, helping information promotion was advised in this paper.