金属加工作业环境空气颗粒物职业接触特征研究进展

Research progress on occupational exposure characteristics of airborne particulate matter in metal processing environment

金属加工作业环境中存在多种职业性有害因素,其中最主要的是金属颗粒物。不同特征的金属颗粒物可能引起金属粉尘肺沉着病、硬金属肺病、接触性皮炎、金属烟热、过敏性肺炎或职业性哮喘等多种不良效应,而且超细和细颗粒物引起的健康效应往往比大颗粒更严重。我们对金属加工作业环境空气颗粒物职业接触特征进行综述,旨在对职业危害评估以及具体实施职业防护措施提供科学依据。

There are a variety of occupational hazards in the metal processing environment,and the most common occupational hazard is metal particles.Metal particles with different characteristics may cause varying degrees of damage to multiple systems of the body,including metal dust pneumoconiosis,hard metal lung disease,contact dermatitis,metal fume fever,allergic pneumonia,and occupational asthma.Moreover,the health effects caused by ultrafine and fine particles are often more serious than those caused by large particles.We reviewed the characteristics of occupational exposure to air particulates in metal processing environments,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the implementation of occupational hazard assessment and occupational protective measures.