大概念、大单元、任务群:实战能力进阶导向下重构中小学排球教学内容体系

Large Concept,Large Unit,Task Group:Reconstruction of Volleyball Teaching Content System in Primary and Secondary Schools under the Guidance of Actual Combat Ability Advanced

实战比赛是激发学生学习内驱力的最佳方法,实战能力是评价学生体育与健康学科核心素养的重要指标。目前中小学排球教学存在强调单个知识点和技战术的碎片化小单元教学居多、实战比赛与项目完整体验较少、实战能力提升有限与学习深度不够等问题。基于"实战能力进阶"导向,以实战能力大概念、每学年36课时大单元、12个实战比赛任务群为基本形式,提炼出1~12年级普通学生排球实战能力的关键项,分别从趣味游戏到实战比赛、从尝试性到对抗性、从单一到组合技术、从渗透到运用战术、从简单到复杂情境、从轮换到固定角色位置等方面进行进阶区分;从基本知识与技能、技战术运用、专项体能与一般体能、展示与比赛、规则与裁判方法、观赏与评价6个板块梳理出纵横关联紧密、难度进阶提升、432课时的内容要点,形成以实战比赛任务为主线的大单元螺旋式排列的中小学排球教学内容体系,为解决上述问题提供一个完整案例。

Actual combat game is the best way to motivate students’learning drive,while actual combat ability is an important index to evaluate students’core accomplishment in physical education and health.At present,there are many problems in volleyball teaching in primary and secondary schools,such as the fragmented small unit teaching emphasizing single knowledge points and skills and tactics,less complete experience in actual combat and projects,limited improvement in actual combat ability and insufficient learning depth.Based on the guidance of actual combat ability advanced,and in the basic form of the large concept of actual combat ability,36 class hours of large units in each academic year,and 12 actual combat game task groups,this study extracts the key core items and teaching content students’volleyball actual combat ability in 1-12 grades,which carried on the teaching content advanced differentiation from fun games to actual combat competition,from tentative to confrontational,from single to combined techniques,from permeate to use tactics,from simple to complex situations,from rotate to fix role positions,etc.Then the content points of the vertical and horizontal correlation is close,the difficulty of the upgrade,432 hours and summarized from the six sections of basic knowledge and skills,techniques and tactics application,special physical fitness and general physical fitness,show and competition,rules and referee methods,watch and evaluation,which form the large unit spiral arrangement of primary and secondary school volleyball teaching content system with the actual combat task as the main line,and provide a complete case to solve the above problems.