梵净山国家级自然保护区叶蝉群落结构特征

Structure characteristics of leafhopper community in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

为了解梵净山国家级自然保护区内叶蝉群落结构组成及其变化特征,丰富保护区昆虫物种分布数据,对该保护区不同生境和不同垂直林带的叶蝉进行初步调查。运用统计分析、聚类分析、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pieluo均匀性指数、Simpson优势度指数,研究了不同生境和林带中叶蝉类群的物种组成、相似性、多样性和均匀度。结果表明,随着植被组成变化和海拔升高,叶蝉类群在5种生境和4种林带间的分布存在较大差异,植被组成丰富和光照条件充足的环境中,叶蝉类群多样性增加,植被类型单一且密度大的环境下,叶蝉类群趋于减少。在不同生境中,类群属级阶元数量顺序为:灌丛(85属)>林缘(61属)>田地(49属)>森林(44属)>草坡(33属);在不同海拔林带中顺序为:亚高山灌丛草甸带(88属)>常绿阔叶林带(68属)>亚高山针阔混交林带(66属)>常绿落叶阔叶混交林带(39属)。自然环境的相似性是叶蝉群落相似性的基础,区间相似性越高,叶蝉群落越相似,不同生境和不同林带中自然环境存在的差异,导致了叶蝉类群相似性的不同。在不同生境下,灌丛和林缘的叶蝉类群组成相似性最高,生境之间关联性最强,而在不同林带下,常绿阔叶林带和亚高山灌丛草甸带相似性最高。随着生境条件和林带环境的不同,叶蝉类群的分布呈现一定的特征,类群均匀度指数和多样性指数呈正相关,优势度指数则相反。从田地到灌丛以及从常绿阔叶林带到亚高山灌丛草甸带,多样性指数逐渐增大,叶蝉类群组成在灌丛和亚高山灌丛草甸带最为丰富,各类群的数量也相对均匀,而田地和常绿阔叶林带的优势度指数最高,说明其群落内物种分布较不均匀,个体数虽最多,但优势类群突出,多样性指数相对较低。

In order to understand the composition and variation characteristics of leafhopper community in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,enrich the distribution data of insect species in the study area,and conduct a preliminary investigation of leafhoppers in different habitats and different vertical forest belts in the area.Using statistical analysis,cluster analysis,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pieluo uniformity index,and Simpson dominance index,the composition,similarity,diversity and uniformity of leafhopper groups in different habitats and forest belts were analyzed.The results showed that as the vegetation composition changed and the altitude increased,there were large differences in the distribution of leafhopper groups in five habitats and four forest belts.In an environment with rich vegetation composition and sufficient light conditions,the diversity of leafhopper groups increased.In an environment with a single vegetation type and high density,leafhopper taxa tended to decrease.In different habitats and forest belts,the order of the number of groups was shrub(85 genera)>forest margin(61 genera)>field(49 genera)>forest(44 genera)>grass slope(33 genera);in different forest belts,the order of the number of groups was Subalpine shrub and meadow belt(88 genera)>Evergreen broad-leaved forest belt(68 genera)>Subalpine coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt(66 genera)>Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest belt(39 genera).The similarity of the natural environment was the basis of the similarity of the leafhopper community.The higher of interval similarity,the more similar of leafhopper community.Differences of natural environment in different habitats and forest belts,which leaded to differences of similarity of leafhopper groups.Under different habitats,the leafhoppers groups in the shrub and forest margin was the most similar,and the relationship between the two habitats was the strongest.Under different forest belts,the Evergreen broad-leaved forest belt and the Subalpine shrub and meadow belt had the highest similarity.With the difference of habitat conditions and forest belt environment,the distribution of leafhopper groups exhibited certain characteristics.The groups uniformity index increased with the increase of diversity index,while the dominance index was opposite.From field to shrub and from Evergreen broad-leaved forest belt to Subalpine shrub and meadow belt,the diversity index gradually increaseed,and leafhopper groups were most abundant in shrub and Subalpine shrub and meadow belts,and the number of various groups was relatively uniform,while the dominance index of field and Evergreen broad-leaved forest belt was the highest.It showed that the distribution of species in the community was relatively uneven.Although the number of individuals was the largest,the dominant groups were prominent,and the diversity index was relatively low.