公路边坡智能化监测体系研究进展

Research progress of intelligent monitoring system for highway slope

边坡失稳是一项极其复杂、高度不确定且动态变化的系统问题,随着交通网络的延伸,这一问题在铁路、公路等基础设施建设过程中日益凸显。目前,构建边坡监测体系是感知边坡状态,进行边坡失稳风险评估和灾变预警的主要途径,也是采取合理应对措施的前提。随着基础科学与应用技术的进步,边坡监测技术日新月异,呈现出“数字化”“自动化”“集成化”等新特点。在此背景下,构建智能化边坡监测体系既是大型、重点工程安全所需,也契合交通行业整体发展方向。本文总结近10余年国内外边坡监测技术的发展和应用现状,重点介绍和对比光纤传感技术、数字化近景摄影测量技术、三维激光扫描技术、全球导航卫星系统与合成孔径雷达干涉技术等新型边坡监测技术的特点、适用性和应用情况;对智能化边坡监测体系的构成和功能进行论述,指出其面临的瓶颈及未来发展方向,为后续研究提供新的研究视角和研究思路。

Slope instability is a complex and dynamic system problem with high uncertainty.With the extension of the transportation network,this problem has become increasingly prominent in the process of infrastructure construction such as railways and highways.At present,the construction of a slope monitoring system is the main way to perceive the state of the slope,assess the risk of slope instability and early warning of catastrophe,and is also a prerequisite for taking reasonable responses.Slope monitoring technologies innovate continuously with the advancement of basic science and applied technology,showing new characteristics such as"digitalization","automation",and"integration".Therefore,establishing the intelligent slope monitoring system is the requirement of the safety of large-scale and key projects and meets the overall development tendency of the transportation industry.The development history of highway slope monitoring was reviewed,and the application status of several slope monitoring technologies in different countries over the past decade was summarized.Then,five newly developed slope monitoring technologies,including distributed optical fiber,digital close-range photogrammetry technology,three-dimensional laser scanning technology,global navigation satellite system and synthetic aperture radar interferometric technology,were introduced and compared in their characteristics,suitability and applicability.Finally,the composition and function of the intelligent slope monitoring system were introduced,and the major directions and bottlenecks in the future development of the system were analyzed.Thus,new perspectives and ideas for future research can be pointed out and discussed.