鸡滑液囊支原体病流行现状及防控技术研究进展

Research Progress on Epidemic Status and Prevention and Control Technology of Mycoplasma synoviae Infection

鸡滑液囊支原体(Mycoplasma synoviae,MS)能引起家禽呼吸道疾病、传染性滑膜炎、蛋壳顶端异常及生长迟缓等,给全球家禽业带来巨大经济损失。MS无细胞壁,只有1个血清型,分离培养要求苛刻,基因组较细菌小,有极强抗原变异能力,表面膜蛋白与其免疫应答和细胞黏附等有关。MS具有宿主特异性,主要侵害幼龄鸡和火鸡,水平和垂直均可传播,呈世界性分布。MS通过膜蛋白黏附宿主细胞、释放有毒产物、免疫逃避、掠取营养成分等,从而导致宿主细胞损伤或死亡。MS灭活苗安全性和保护率高,能阻止其在气囊和气管定植;活疫苗无法保护已感染鸡群,接种后会诱发鸡群发病或加重症状;基因工程疫苗安全性高、易量产,将是未来MS疫苗研发方向。大环内酯类、四环素类等药物联合疫苗免疫防控效果最好,不同国家和地区MS耐药性存在差异。针对MS防治存在的问题,开发能突破母源抗体和抗生素干扰的新型高效疫苗、抗生素替代品,将是今后的重点工作。作者介绍了MS的病原学特性、流行特点、国内外流行现状、实验室诊断方法及致病机制,重点阐述了MS疫苗免疫和药物防治,最后对该病防治发展趋势进行了展望。

Mycoplasma synoviae(MS)can cause poultry respiratory diseases,avian onfectious synovitis,eggshell apex abnormalities and growth retardation etc,brings huge economic losses to the global poultry industry.MS has no cell wall,only one serotype,isolation and culture requirements are demanding,the genome is smaller than bacteria,it has strong antigen mutation ability,and a variety of membrane proteins are related to immune response and cell adhesion.MS is host-specific and mainly affects young chickens and turkeys.It can be transmitted horizontally and vertically and is distributed worldwide.MS adheres to host cells through membrane proteins,releases toxic products,immune evasion,grabs nutrients etc,resulting in host cell damage or death.MS inactivated vaccine has high safety and protection rate,which can prevent it from colonizing in air sacs and trachea.Live vaccines cannot protect infected chickens,and will induce disease or aggravate symptoms after vaccination.Genetic engineering vaccines are highly safe and easy to mass produce,and will be the future direction of MS vaccine research and development.Macrolides,tetracyclines and other drugs combined vaccines have the best immunization effects,and there are differences in MS resistance in different countries and regions.Based on the problems in the prevention and treatment of MS,the development of new high-efficiency vaccines and antibiotic substitutes that can break through the interference of maternal antibodies and antibiotics will be the focus of future work.The author introduced the pathogenic characteristics,epidemic characteristics,domestic and international epidemic status,laboratory diagnosis methods and pathogenic mechanism of MS,focusing on MS vaccine immunization and drug control,and finally looked forward to the future development trend of the disease control.