盐城湿地生境景观演变格局研究

Research on the evolution pattern of wetland habitat landscape in Yancheng.

选择江苏盐城湿地为研究对象,分析其景观格局的时空动态变化特征对珍禽生存环境的影响,研究结果可为滨海湿地资源的保护规划提供数据支持和理论参考。基于江苏盐城滨海湿地2000—2018年3期土地利用数据,利用Landsat遥感影像对区域内的地物进行景观分类,评价湿地珍禽的生境质量,分析丹顶鹤生境变化的特征与主要影响因素。江苏盐城滨海湿地各景观类型发生变化,自然湿地面积减少近350.29 km^(2),人工湿地面积减少了137.20 km^(2),而人类活动造成的影响使非湿地面积增加了486.98 km^(2)。湿地的主要转出类型为农田,而湿地类型中的河流海域、芦苇滩、光滩都是缩减的状态,只有互花米草滩呈现增长趋势。2000—2018年研究区内丹顶鹤适宜的生境一再缩减,适宜性良好的面积占比从25.48%减少到10.92%,发展到2018年仅剩505.61 km^(2)。丹顶鹤生境受到人类活动的影响极大,其次互花米草的种群入侵也造成了不小的干扰,在将来丹顶鹤及其生境的保护中应当引起重视。

Analyze the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of landscape pattern about Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2018,and then to comprehensively study the impact of rare birds habitat.The results could provide references for the protection of wetland resources in coastal wetland.Based on the land use data of 2000—2018 phaseⅢof Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province in the study,Landsat remote sensing images were used to classify the landscapes,evaluate the habitat quality of rare birds in the wetland,and analyze the characteristics and main influencing factors of the habitat changes of red-crowned cranes.The change of landscape types of Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province resulted in the decrease of natural wetland area by nearly 350.29 km^(2) and constructed wetland area by 137.20 km^(2),while the non-wetland area increased by 486.98 km^(2) due to the influence of human activities.The main transfer type of wetland is farmland,while the reed beach beach in the river and sea areas of wetland type is shrinking,only the Spartina beach shows an increasing trend.From 2000 to 2018,suitable habitats of red-crowned cranes were reduced again and again.The area with good suitability decreased from 25.48%to 16.97%.By 2018,only 505.61 km^(2) remained.The habitat of red-crowned crane is greatly affected by human activities.Secondly,the invasion of Spartina alterniflora has also caused considerable disturbance,which should be paid attention to in the future in the protection of red-crowned crane and its habitat.