武汉市黄家湖水质评价及改善对策分析

Water Quality Assessment and Improvement Countermeasures of Huangjia Lake in Wuhan City

武汉市黄家湖跨越武汉两个行政区,定位为城市公园型湖泊,其对于建设城市景观、改善生态环境等有重要的作用。以黄家湖为研究对象,根据该湖泊2008~2017年水质年均数据及湖心补充检测数据,结合水质综合污染指数法系统评价和分析了黄家湖水质演变特征。结果表明,2008年以来黄家湖水质整体呈现向好的趋势,COD、COD_(Mn)、BOD5、TN、NH_(3)-N年均浓度分别下降25.2%、37.1%、30.2%、16.8%、13.1%;水质污染指数降低了16.8%。水质污染关键超标因子为TP、TN、COD,且每年9~11月污染物浓度显著升高。通过对黄家湖周边进行现场调研,结合水质和现场情况,分析了黄家湖水质超标原因,并提出完善城市污水管网、控制农业养殖污染、推进面源污染控制、清淤疏浚等对策建议。

Huangjia Lake,which crosses two administrative regions of Wuhan,is positioned as a city park lake,,plays an important role in the construction of urban landscape and the improvement of ecological environment.Taking Huangjia Lake as the research object,based on the water quality monitoring data of Huangjia Lake in 2008~2017 and supplementary monitoring data of lake center location,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water quality in Huangjia Lake were analyzed using water quality comprehensive pollution index evaluation method.The results showed that the overall water quality of Huangjia Lake showed an improving trend since 2008,the average concentrations of COD、CODMn、BOD5、TN and NH_(3)-N decreased by 25.2%、37.1%、30.2%、16.8%and 13.1%,respectively,and the water pollution index decreased by 16.8%.The key over-standard indexes of water pollution in Huangjia Lake were TP、TN and COD,and the pollutant concentrations increased significantly from September to November ever year.Based on the field investigation of the surrounding area of Huangjia Lake,combining the water quality and the situation of the site,this paper analyzed the main reasons for water quality exceeding standard,and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions,such as improving the urban sewage pipe network,controlling agricultural aquaculture pollution,promoting the control of non-point source pollution,and strengthening dredging.