女登与女登文化的考察--兼谈女登文化的保护、开发和利用

Investigation of Nüdeng and Nüdeng Culture:Also on the Protection,Development and Utilization of Nüdeng Culture

女登是炎帝之母。女登是人而不是神,与神话人物九天玄女无涉。女登是位传说性的历史人物,她生活于距今七千年前后的前仰韶文化与仰韶文化的交替之际。有蟜氏族一女子,与少典氏族一男子通婚而生下炎帝。文献传说,女登“感神龙首”而生炎帝,是中华民族的女始祖;民间传说,她发明了蜂业,为中华“蜂业之祖”,还发明了草鞋、蓑衣、围裙等物质文化。炎帝“寻母”“抬母”的传说故事,体现了炎帝的孝道精神;女登所创造的女登文化成为姜炎文化的重要组成部分;女登祭祀中的排灯会、抬社火等民俗文化与女登、炎帝有着密切的渊源关系。开发和利用女登文化这一独特文化资源,对提升农民精神素质,塑造村容村貌,培育文明乡风、良好家风、淳朴民风,提高乡村社会文明水平,具有重要的现实意义。

Nüdeng is the mother of Emperor Yan.Nüdeng is a human,not a god,and has nothing to do with the mythical figure Jiutian Xuannü.Nüdeng is a legendary historical figure.She lived at the transition of Qianyangshao culture and Yangshao culture around 7000 years ago.She lives in the Yan clan,who intermarried with a man from the Shaodian clan and gave birth to Emperor Yan.According to legend,Nüdeng“felt the dragon head”and gave birth to Emperor Yan,so she is regarded as the female ancestor of the Chinese nation.According to folklore,she invented the apiculture,as well as straw sandals,straw rain cape,aprons,etc.The legendary stories of Emperor Yan“seeking his mother”and“carrying his mother”embody the spirit of filial piety of Emperor Yan;the Nüdeng culture created by Nüdeng has become an important part of Jiang Yan culture;the folk customs such as“the lantern show”and“carrying Shehuo”have a close relationship with Nüdeng and Emperor Yan.The development and utilization of the unique cultural resource of Nüdeng culture has important practical significance for improving the spiritual quality of farmers,shaping the appearance of the village,cultivating civilized rural customs,good family customs,and simple folk customs,and improving the level of rural social civilization.