根际生命共同体:协调资源、环境和粮食安全的学术思路与交叉创新

Rhizobiont:An Interdisciplinary Innovation and Perspective for Harmonizing Resources,Environment,and Food Security

植物营养学研究近年来在植物养分高效分子机理、植物-微生物互作、根际互作与微生态调控、农田养分管理等研究领域取得了一系列原创性进展。然而,当前如何协调粮食安全、资源高效和环境可持续性仍面临巨大挑战。针对这一重大问题,本文提出“根际生命共同体(Rhizobiont)”学术思路,围绕“根际互作与养分高效”这一重大科学命题,构建“植物-根系-根际-菌丝际-土体及其微生物”根际生命共同体理论体系,突破植物-微生物、微生物-微生物关键界面互作机制,阐明根际生命共同体结构、功能及其在养分活化、吸收与利用中的作用机制,建立共同体多界面互作增效的生物学调控新途径,开辟植物-土壤-微生物交叉创新领域,根际生命共同体理论创新有助于破解粮食安全、资源高效、环境保护多目标协同的难题,支撑我国农业绿色发展。文章指出了根际生命共同体与养分高效研究的重点方向与内容,尤其是深入揭示和调控植物第二基因组——微生物组的作用正成为农业科学的研究前沿。

In recent years,the research on plant nutrition has gained significant achievements in improving nutrient use efficiency in molecular plant nutrition,plant-microbe interaction,rhizosphere interaction,micro-ecological regulation,and nutrient management.However,how to coordinate food security,resource efficiency,and environmental sustainability to implement agriculture green development still confronts great challenges.Here,we propose a new concept of“Rhizobiont”and the corresponding working strategies to address this key issue.Aiming at the major scientific questions of“rhizosphere interaction and nutrient efficiency”,the core thinking of this concept is to develop a systemic theory of the“Rhizobiont”consortium.This is an integrated system consisting of plants,roots,rhizosphere,hypersphere,and their associated microbes,and then to decipher the underlying mechanisms of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions that drive high nutrient use efficiency.Specifically,the objectives,in theory,are to clarify the structure and function of rhizobiont consortium and their roles in the mobilization,uptake,and utilization of nutrients.Also,we seek to establish comprehensive management strategies for enhancing the biological potentials of the rhizobiont consortium via multi-interface interactions,allowing for a significant increase in crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency towards sustainable development.This new conceptual theory opens up an innovative research field of plant-soil-microbe interactions.Moreover,this concept seeks a comprehensive understanding of these interactions for harnessing the second genome of plants(microbiome),which will be the frontiers of agricultural research.The rhizobiont theory will help solve the problem of multi-objective coordination of food security,resource efficiency,and environmental protection.Thus,it provides scientific support for achieving agriculture green development in China.We further point out the key research contents and perspectives.