国外教学视导的历史演变、模式、发展趋势及对我国的启示

Instructional supervision:history origin,main models and development trends

教学视导是监察人员通过对教师的教学活动进行观察,发现其中存在的问题并对其提出改进建议,以促进教师专业成长和教学品质提升为目的的活动。教学视导最初起源于美国,随后在英国以及日本等国逐渐发展起来,其模式在改革实践中日益丰富,出现了临床视导、同僚视导、区别化视导以及发展性视导等多种模式。随着科学技术的进步及社会需求的转变,教学视导出现了新的发展趋势,如视导功能倾向服务,视导模式日趋多样,视导主体范围扩大,视导方式融合科技,视导过程注重艺术。对国外教学视导的历史渊源以及发展趋势进行探讨,可以为我国课程改革及教学管理提供一定的借鉴。

Instructional Supervision is an activity for supervisors to observe teachers′teaching activities,find out existing problems and put forward suggestions for improvement,so as to promote teachers′professional growth and improve teaching quality.Instructional supervision originated in the United States at first,and then gradually developed in Britain,Japan and other countries.Its model is increasingly rich in reform practice,and there are many models such as clinical supervision,collegial supervision,differentiated supervision and developmental supervision.With the progress of science and technology and the transformation of social needs,there are new trends in the development of instructional supervision,such as the emergence of service function of instructional supervision,the increasing diversity of instructional supervision models,the expansion of the scope of supervisors,the integration of supervision methods with technology,and the focus on artistry in the process of supervision.This paper discusses the historical origin and development trend of foreign instructional supervision,which can provide some reference for the curriculum reform and teaching management for us.