滴灌水肥一体化下氮磷减施对春小麦产量及养分利用的影响

Effects of Reduced Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield and Nutrient Utilization of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation of Water-Fertilizer Integration

设置不施肥处理(T1)、监控施肥处理(T2)、监控施肥不施氮肥处理(T3-N)、监控施肥不施磷肥处理(T4-P)和农户常规施肥处理(T5),研究水肥一体化下氮磷减施对滴灌春小麦产量及养分利用的影响,以期为滴灌春小麦水肥一体化化肥减施提供科学依据。结果表明,合理的水肥运筹均能提高滴灌春小麦干物质积累量,T3-N和T4-P处理春小麦干质量相近,均较高,其次为T2处理。T2.T3-N和T4-P处理春小麦籽粒、颖壳、茎叶氮和磷含量总体上均高于T5和T1处理。与T5和T1处理相比,水肥一体化下氮磷合理配施的T2处理可显著提高春小麦产量,分别增产20.07%和33.44%;与T5处理相比,T2处理施N量减少25%、施P2O5量减少112%,而春小麦不减产,甚至有增产效果。与农户常规施肥处理相比,水肥一体化条件下的施肥处理(T2、T3-N、T4-P处理)均能提高氮肥和磷肥的农学效率、偏生产力、利用率。总体来看,水肥一体化条件下的施肥处理T2、T3-N、T4-P均可提高春小麦产量和肥料利用效率,并减少化肥施用量,达到了减肥不减产的目的。

No fertilization treatment(T1),supervised fertilization treatment(T2),supervised fertilization without nitrogen fertilizer treatment(T3-N),supervised fertilization without phosphorus fertilizer treatment(T4-P) and farmers’ routine fertilization treatment(T5) were set up to study the effects of reduced application of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and nutrient utilization of spring wheat under drip irrigation of water-fertilizer integration,so as to provide scientific basis for reduced application of fertilizer for spring wheat under drip irrigation of water-fertilizer integration.The results showed that reasonable water and fertilizer operation could increase dry matter accumulation of spring wheat under drip irrigation.The dry weight of spring wheat of T3-N and T4-P treatments was similar and high,followed by T2 treatment.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grain,glume,stem and leaf of T2,T3-N and T4-P treatments were higher than those of T5 and T1 treatments.The yield of spring wheat of T2 treatment significantly increased by 20.07% and 33.44% compared with T5 and T1 treatments respectively.Compared with T5 treatment,the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer of T2 treatment decreased by 25%,and the application rate of phosphate fertilizer of T2 treatment decreased by 112%,while the yield of spring wheat of T2 treatment did not reduce,even increased.Compared with the farmers’ routine fertilization treatment,the fertilization treatments,(T2,T3-N,T4-P) with water and fertilizer integration could improve the agronomic efficiencies,partial productivities and utilization efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.In general,fertilization treatments with water and fertilizer integration can improve spring wheat yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency,reduce the amount of fertilizer application,and achieve the purpose of reduction of fertilizer without reduction of yield.