摘要
为探究氮肥用量和种植密度对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的互作效应,2017—2018年在大田定位试验条件下,以‘矮抗58’为试验材料,设置112.5、150、187.5 kg/hm^(2)3个种植密度,0、180、240、300 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平,研究了氮肥用量和种植密度对小麦干物质积累转运、籽粒产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,同一种植密度下,花后贮藏干物质的转运量及对籽粒产量的贡献率随施氮量的增加呈先升后降趋势,而花前趋势相反;冬小麦群体分蘖数、穗数、穗粒数和产量随施氮量的增加呈升高趋势,然而千粒重和氮肥利用效率随施氮量的增加呈降低趋势。可以通过提高种植密度来减小施氮量降低对小麦产量和氮素利用效率的负面影响。因此,适宜氮肥用量与种植密度可提高小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率。在本试验条件下,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)与种植密度150 kg/hm^(2)相匹配是获得更高产高效的最优组合。
The paper aims to explore the interaction effects of nitrogen application rate and planting density on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Under the condition of field positioning experiment in 2017 and 2018,‘Aikang 58’was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation and transport, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat, with three sowing densities of 112.5, 150 and 187.5 kg/hm^(2) and four nitrogen application levels of 0, 180, 240 and 300 kg/hm^(2).The results showed that under the same sowing density, the transport amount of dry matter stored after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level, while the trend before anthesis was opposite;the population tiller number, spike number,grain number per spike and yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application level, but the thousand seed weight and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level.In addition, the negative effects of reducing nitrogen application rate on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency could be offset by increasing planting density. Therefore, the reasonable combination of nitrogen application rate and planting density can improve wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The recommended nitrogen application rate for winter wheat is 240 kg/hm^(2) and the planting density is 150 kg/hm^(2).
作者
刘卫星
张文杰
王家瑞
马耕
康娟
王晨阳
Liu Weixing;Zhang Wenjie;Wang Jiarui;Ma Geng;Kang Juan;Wang Chenyang(Henan Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy,Zhengzhou 450008;Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou 450002;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jian'an District,Xuchang City,Xuchang Henan 461002)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2021年第22期5-10,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海冬小麦减灾保产调控关键技术研究”(2017YFD0300408)
国家重点研发计划项目“小麦生产系统对气候变化的响应机制及其适应性栽培途径”(2017YFD0300204)
河南省小麦产业技术体系岗位专业项目(S2010-01-G07)。
关键词
氮肥
种植密度
氮素利用效率
干物质转运
籽粒产量
冬小麦
nitrogen fertilizer
planting density
nitrogen use efficiency
dry matter transport
grain yield
winter wheat
