基于暂停法律适用的立法授权研究

Research on the legislative authorization based on the suspension of law enforcement

作为我国法治建设中的一种新型立法措施,基于暂停法律适用的立法授权不同于法律制定、法律修改和法律废止,也不同于单纯的授权立法和授权变通立法,而是一种具有“暂停—授权”结构的复合型立法手段,具有独特的法律性质。基于暂停法律适用的立法授权主要包括暂停法律适用、立法授权和间接行政授权等三项性质不同的内容。《立法法》第13条为全国人大常委会作出暂停法律适用、立法授权和间接行政授权提供了直接的法律依据,该条法律规定的依据在于全国人大常委会基于《宪法》和《立法法》规定所享有的国家立法权。全国人大常委会作出基于暂停法律适用的立法授权时必须遵循《立法法》第13条所设定的边界,即在事项上包括但不限于行政管理领域;在地域上只能限于全国的部分地方;在期限上只能是暂时性的。无论是授权主体的授权行为,还是被授权主体行使被授予权力的行为,都必须遵循必要的法律界限,处理好改革与法治之间的关系,切实贯彻“重大改革于法有据”原则,以便为我国全面深化改革的开展提供坚实的法治保障。

As a new type of legislative measure in building a rule of Law China,the legislative authorization based on the suspension of law enforcement is different from law-making,law revision,and abolishment of law,also different from the legislation accommodation.It is a compound legislative means with the structure of“suspension-authorization”and has unique legal nature.The legislative authorization based on the suspension of law enforcement mainly consists of three different contents,which are the suspension of law enforcement,the legislative authorization,and indirect administrative authorization.Article 13 of the Legislation Law provides a direct legal basis for the NPC Standing Committee to exercise these powers metioned above.The rationale for this of the provision lies in the national legislative power exercised by the NPC Standing Committee based on the Constitution and the Legislation Law.When the NPC Standing Committee makes the legislative authorization based on the suspension of the law enforcement,it must act with in the limits set by Article 13 of the Legislation Law.In order to handle the relationship between the reform and the rule of law,to implement the principle of“Reform by the Rule of Law”,and to provide a solid legal guarantee for the development of reform,the acts of the authorizing subjects and those of the authorized subjects exercising the delegated power must abide by the necessary legal limits.