严寒地区轻质建筑应用PCM节能改造研究

Energy Saving Retrofitting of Light-Weight Building with PCM in Severe Cold Area

轻质建筑具有快速装配与可拆卸特性,在工地与灾后重建中应用广泛,但存在室内热环境差、能耗大等问题。以安达地区某轻质建筑为研究对象,建立了EnergyPlus三维模型,分析了相变材料(PCM)在轻质建筑墙体中使用方位、位置和厚度等影响因素。结果表明:轻质建筑墙体使用PCM可大幅降低能耗,削弱室内温度波动幅度并延长迟滞时间,PCM用在北朝向最佳,但各朝向能耗差异不大。PCM宜放置于保温材料内侧,相比外侧最冷月节能4.38 kW·h,提高室内温度约0.33℃。PCM最优厚度60 mm,相比无PCM墙最冷月节能180.8 kW·h,节能率为16.2%。

Light-weight buildings are widely used in construction site and disaster recovery due to their rapid assembly and disassembly characteristics,however,there are some problems such as poor indoor thermal environment and high energy consumption.A light-weight building is researched,the three-dimensional model of EnergyPlus was established,and the influence factors such as orientation,location and thickness of Phase Change Material(PCM)in light-weight building wall are analyzed.The results show that PCM can greatly reduce energy consumption,weaken the fluctuation range of indoor temperature and prolong the lag time.PCM is the best choice in north direction,but there is a little difference in energy consumption because of different directions.PCM should be placed on the inner side of thermal insulation material,which can save energy by 4.38 kW·h and increase indoor temperature by 0.33℃approximately compared with the coldest month outside.The optimal thickness of PCM is 60 mm,which can save energy by 180.8 kW·h and the energy saving rate is 16.2%.