青少年游泳运动员高原训练生理生化监控与探讨

Study on Physiological and Biochemical Monitoring of Altitude Training of Juvenile Swimmers

目的:通过对青少年运动员高原训练期间生理生化指标的跟踪测试,探索高原训练对身体机能、训练强度的影响,为科学训练与监控提供科学依据。方法:研究对象为广州市21名11~17岁的游泳运动员,跟踪监测其在高原前1周、前2周、训练期间及训练后2周的生理生化指标,包括最大摄氧量、Wingate无氧功、血乳酸、红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白含量等指标变化。结果:(1)高原训练后相对最大摄氧量均值为55.22±9.61mL/min,较高原训练前提高11.51%(P<0.05)。高原训练后血乳酸峰值较高原训练前提高9.65%,乳酸清除能力明显提高。运动员RBC值均呈升高趋势,高原训练前为4.70±0.58(1012 L),与高原训练后1周比较存在显著差异(P<0.05);WBC在高原训练第一周和第二周较高原前显著增加(P<0.05);HGB在高原训练期间均表现为上升趋势,训练第1周、第2周、高原后1周均较训练前显著增高(P<0.05)。结论:高原训练能够显著提高青少年运动员的有氧耐力,对保证高原训练质量和提高游泳专项成绩具有重要作用。

Objective:To explore the effect of altitude training on physical function and training intensity by tracking and testing physiological and biochemical indexes of young athletes during altitude training,which in order to provide scientific basis for scientific training and monitoring.Methods:21 swimmers aged 11-17 years old in Guangzhou City were choosed for the subjects.The physiological and biochemical indexes including Maximal Oxygen Uptake,Wingate Anaerobic Work,Blood Lactic Acid,RBC,WBC,Hb content were monitored in the first week,two weeks,training period and two weeks after training.Results:(1)The mean value of relative maximal oxygen uptake after altitude training was55.22±9.61mL/min,which was 11.51%higher than that before altitude training(P<0.05).After altitude training,the peak value of blood lactic acid was increased by 9.65%compared with that before altitude training.The RBC value of athletes showed an increasing trend,and it was 4.70±0.58(1012 L)before the altitude training,which was significantly different from that one week after the altitude training(P<0.05).WBC was significantly increased in the first and second weeks of altitude training compared with that before altitude training(P<0.05).HGB showed an upward trend during the plateau training,with significant increases in the first week,the second week and the week after the plateau training compared with the week before the training(P<0.05).Conclusion:Altitude training can significantly improve the aerobic endurance of young athletes,which plays an important role in ensuring the quality of altitude training and improving the swimming performance.