茂名地区婴幼儿维生素A、D2+3、E营养状况调查研究

Investigation on Nutritional Status of Vitamin A,D and E in Infants and Young Children in Maoming Area

目的:探究茂名地区婴幼儿维生素A、D_(2+3)、E营养状况。方法:收集2019年8月-2020年9月于茂名地区出生的1 108例婴幼儿静脉血标本。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)进行脂溶性维生素A、D_(2+3)、E检测,对获得数据进行分析统计,分析脂溶性维生素A、D_(2+3)、E与婴幼儿年龄的关系。结果:本研究纳入的1 108例婴幼儿血清样本中,维生素A正常率为77.98%;维生素D_(2+3)充足率为55.60%;维生素E正常率为32.13%,维生素E可以接受率为61.64%。本研究纳入的24例早产儿中,维生素A缺乏率为4.17%,边缘维生素A缺乏为58.33%,维生素A正常率为37.50%;维生素D_(2+3)缺乏率为79.17%,维生素D_(2+3)不足率为20.83%;维生素E正常率为4.17%,维生素E可以接受率为95.83%。脂溶性维生素A、D_(2+3)、E正常率均低于总体情况,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。<1岁婴幼儿维生素A正常率低于≥1岁且<2岁、≥2岁,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。≥1岁且<2岁的维生素D_(2+3)充足率高于<1岁、≥2岁,≥2岁的维生素D_(2+3)充足率高于<1岁,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。≥2岁的维生素E正常率高于<1岁、≥1岁且<2岁,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);≥1岁且<2岁的维生素E可以接受率高于<1岁、≥2岁,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,婴幼儿年龄与脂溶性维生素A存在正相关性(P<0.05),婴幼儿年龄与脂溶性维生素D_(2+3)、E均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:茂名市地区婴幼儿脂溶性维生素A水平尚可,婴幼儿脂溶性维生素D_(2+3)、E水平正常率占比较低,早产儿普遍存在脂溶性维生素A、D_(2+3)、E缺乏。婴幼儿年龄与脂溶性维生素A存在正相关性,与脂溶性维生素D_(2+3)、E无相关性。

Objective:To explore the nutritional status of vitamin A,D_(2+3) and E in infants and young children in Maoming area.Method:Venous blood samples from 1 108 infants and young children in Maoming from August 2019 to September 2020 were collected.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect fat-soluble vitamins A,D_(2+3) and E,and the obtained data were analyzed and counted to analyze the relationship between fat-soluble vitamins A,D_(2+3) and E and the age of infants and young children.Result:The normal rate of vitamin A in serum samples of 1 108 infants and young children was 77.98%,the content of vitamin D_(2+3) was 55.60%,the normal rate of vitamin E was 32.13%,and the acceptable rate of vitamin E was 61.64%.Among the 24 premature infants included in this study,the rate of vitamin A deficiency was 4.17%,the marginal vitamin A deficiency was 58.33%,and the normal rate of vitamin A was 37.50%.The deficiency rate of vitamin D_(2+3) and deficiency rate of vitamin D_(2+3) were 79.17% and 20.83% respectively.The normal rate of vitamin E was 4.17% and the acceptable rate of vitamin E was 95.83%.The normal rates of fat-soluble vitamins A,D_(2+3) and E were lower than those of the general situation,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The normal rate of vitamin A in children <1 year old was lower than ≥1 year old and < 2 years old,≥2 years old,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The vitamin D_(2+3) sufficiency rate of ≥1 year old and < 2 years old was higher than that of <1 year old and ≥2 years old,and the vitamin D_(2+3) sufficiency rate of ≥2 years old was higher than that of <1 year old,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The normal rate of vitamin E in ≥2 years was higher than that in <1 years,≥1 years and <2 years,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The acceptability rate of vitamin E in patients ≥1 year old and <2 years old was higher than that in patients <1 year old and ≥2 years old,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the age of infants and fat-soluble vitamin A (P<0.05),but no correlation between the age of infants and fat-soluble vitamin D_(2+3) and E (P>0.05).Conclusion:The level of fat-soluble vitamin A in infants in Maoming city is fair,the normal rate of fat-soluble vitamin D_(2+3) and E in infants is relatively low,and the deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin A,D_(2+3) and E is common in preterm infants.There was a positive correlation between age and fat-soluble vitamin A,but no correlation between age and fat-soluble vitamin D_(2+3) and E.