江苏东台条子泥和如东湿地越冬水鸟多样性研究

Diversity of Wintering Waterbirds in Tiaozini Wetland of Dongtai and Rudong Wetland,Jiangsu Province

江苏东台条子泥和如东湿地是东亚-澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线上的重要节点,是水鸟重要中转停歇地和越冬地。分别于2017—2020年冬季采用样点法对东台条子泥和如东湿地越冬水鸟种类、数量及生境类型进行调查。结果表明,2处湿地共记录水鸟52种,隶属于8目13科;其中,东台条子泥湿地记录到水鸟8目12科42种,累计有5种水鸟单次调查数量超过该物种全球种群数量1%的标准;如东湿地记录到水鸟6目11科43种,累计有3种越冬水鸟数量达到该物种全球数量1%的标准。不同年份间2处湿地水鸟物种数、数量和多样性指数均不存在显著差异,东台条子泥湿地水鸟密度显著大于如东湿地。水塘和滩涂是湿地越冬水鸟分布的主要生境,东台条子泥和如东湿地在这2种生境中的水鸟类群组成、群落相似性指数和多样性指数方面均存在一定差异。研究结果表明,东台条子泥和如东湿地是重要的水鸟越冬地,两地间水鸟多样性差异与生境利用和人为干扰等因素有关。针对水鸟及栖息地保护和管理提出合理建议。

The Tiaozini wetland in Dongtai and Rudong wetland are important nodes on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway which serve as important stopovers and wintering sites for waterbirds.In the winters of 2017-2020,the diversity and habitat utilization of wintering waterbirds in the Tiaozini and Rudong wetlands were surveyed by a sampling method.A total of 52 species of waterbirds were found in the two wetlands,belonging to 8 orders and 13 families.Specifically,42 waterbird species from 8 orders and 12 families were recorded in the Tiaozini wetland,and the wintering population of five species in a single survey exceeded 1%of their global populations.In addition,43 waterbird species from 6 orders and 11 families were recorded in the Rudong wetland.The wintering population of three species in a single survey exceeded 1%of their global populations.There were no significant differences in the species number of waterbirds,number of individual waterbirds,or diversity index between the two wetlands in different years.The waterbird density of the Tiaozini wetland was significantly higher than that of the Rudong wetland.Ponds and tidal flats were the main habitats for wintering waterbirds.The species composition,community similarity index,and diversity index of the waterbirds in the two habitats of the Dongtai and Rudong wetlands were different.Some reasonable suggestions for the protection and management of waterbirds and their habitats are put forward.Enhancing active waterbird monitoring should play an important ecological role in the protection of East Asian-Australasian Flyways.