卫生观念、审美取向与城乡传统:英国田园城市设计手法之源从及其演进

Sanitary Idea,Aesthetic Taste and Traditional Town and Country Space:A Brief Study of the Formation and Evolution of the Garden City Style Design in Britain

田园城市设计与霍华德的田园城市思想有关联而不同,是由一批英国规划师和建筑师在长期实践中摸索总结而出的一套设计理论和方法,极大推动了田园城市运动在全球的传播和发展。本文综述田园城市设计的若干原则和特征,梳理19世纪中叶以降的英国社会、经济、思想及技术等发展的历史背景,聚焦于当时卫生观念的形成、审美取向的变迁及英国城乡建设传统的赓续,讨论它们对田园城市设计手法形成与演进的影响。

Created by a group of British planners and architects over a long period of time via experimentation,the Garden City style design relates to and differs from Howard's Garden City idea,and made a distinct contribution to the global spread of the Garden City movement.This paper summarises the design principles and characteristics of the Garden City style design,and reviews the social,economic,intellectual and technological developments in Britain since the mid-19th century,with a focus on the formation of the concept of sanitation,the change of aesthetic taste and the impact of traditional British towns and villages on the Garden City style design.