贯通小学与大学:智能时代信息化教育的体系变革与创新--日本《信息教育课程设计指南》解析

Connecting Primary Schools and Universities:System Reform and Innovation of Information Education in the Intelligent Era:Interpretation of Japanese“Information Education Curriculum Design Guide”

面对人工智能技术带来的机遇和挑战,日本将其社会发展阶段定义为Society 5.0。与此同时,在教育领域开启的课程改革,将信息教育提到了“元科学”教育的高度。2020年9月,日本出台的《信息教育课程设计指南》,对校内外信息教育进行了课程的系统性规划,首次实现了信息教育课程体系从小学到大学的一体化贯通设计。该指南系统借鉴了原有信息教育相关的系列学习指导要领、信息教育课程体系及大学人才培养标准,将信息教育的知识体系划分为6大领域11个知识类别,重点解决了与这11个知识类别对应的课程内容,以及小学至大学全学段的匹配问题,并对每个学习阶段信息教育内容的定位及各科目如何融入信息教育,提出了课程设计建议。日本信息化教育的系列改革举措,一定程度上代表了智能时代发达国家信息化教育的发展方向和信息课程改革的新动态。更重要的是,它对我国如何开展信息化教育,如何审视信息学的学科地位,如何系统设计信息教育课程以满足智能时代的人才需求,如何从课程内容角度实现信息教育与其它学科的深度融合,如何为不同专业的大学生设计差异化的信息教育内容,甚至是如何发挥社会力量开展智能教育等,均具有一定的参考价值。

Facing the opportunities and challenges brought by artificial intelligence technology,Japan defines its social development stage as Society 5.0.Therefore,the curriculum reform in the field of education has raised information education to the height of“meta science”education.The Information Education Curriculum Design Guide issued in September 2020 has systematically planned the curriculum of information education inside and outside the school,and realized the through design of the curriculum system of information education from primary school to university for the first time.The guide systematically draws lessons from the original curriculum learning guidelines,curriculum system and university talent training standards,divides the informatics knowledge system into 6 categories and 11 knowledge categories,and focuses on solving the matching problem between the curriculum content of these 11 knowledge categories and the whole learning period from primary school to university.This guide puts forward the curriculum design suggestions on the orientation of information education in each learning stage and how to share information education among various subjects.To a certain extent,this reform measure of information education curriculum in Japan represents the development direction of information education and the new trends of information curriculum reform in developed countries in the intelligent era.More importantly,it is referential to China to examine the discipline status of informatics,how to develop information education,how to systematically design information curriculum to meet the talent needs of the intelligent era,how to realize the deep integration of informatics and other disciplines from the perspective of curriculum content,and how to design differentiated information knowledge content for college students of different majors,even how to give full play to social forces to carry out information education.