教育中的资本扩张:危害与治理

Capital Expansion in Education: Harm and Governance

社会力量办学对于我国教育发展曾发挥过积极作用。经过近四十年的发展,隐藏在社会力量背后的资本日益膨胀,在教育中不断扩张,既带来了一些新的观念时尚,也创生了大量无意义的甚至有害的教育服务与教育需求,带来了诸多困扰家庭、学校和社会的问题。教育中的资本扩张显性表现为民办教育机构和在线教育市场的规模急剧扩大,教育广告和营销的费用急速增加,民办教育机构不断上市并以集团模式扩张;隐性表现为新自由主义思潮对教育理念的席卷。资本的不断扩张使得学生身心健康、家庭幸福度、学校教学秩序、社会的教育价值观以及教育公平和教育质量受到严重危害。为了正本清源,恢复教育的公益性本质,保证教育公平,我国需要完善教育中的资本治理体系,即在严格遵守已有法律法规基础之上,进一步修订有关法律,限制资本在教育中的活动范围;夯实和拓展学校功能,提高公立学校的教育服务水平;提升公立中小学教师待遇,切实保障教师权益,稳定教师队伍,保障教育教学质量。

Social forces have played a positive role in the development of education in China. After nearly 40 years’ development, the capital hidden behind social forces has been expanding increasingly. The continuous expansion in education has brought not only some new concepts and fashions but also a large number of meaningless and even harmful educational products, which plague families, schools, and society a lot. The explicit manifestation of capital expansion in education is the rapid expansion of off-school training institutions and the online education market, the rapid increase in educational advertising and marketing costs, and the continuous establishment and expansion of private education groups. The implicit manifestation is the spread of the educational concepts of neoliberalism. The continuous expansion of capital has severely endangered students’ physical and mental health, family happiness, school teaching order, social educational values, and educational equity and quality. Therefore, in order to change this situation, restore the public welfare nature of education, and ensure fairness, China needs to improve the capital governance system in education in following ways: further revising relevant laws based on strict compliance with existing laws and regulations to limit the scope of capital activities in education, consolidating and expanding the functions of schools to improve the education quality of public schools, increasing the benefits of teachers in public primary and secondary schools and effectively protecting their rights and interests to stabilize the faculty team and ensure the quality of teaching.