反渗透/纳滤膜剖检分析与膜污染诊断研究进展

A review on RO/NF membrane autopsy and membrane fouling diagnosis

反渗透(RO)/纳滤(NF)膜元件在长期运行过程中会不可避免地发生膜污染,当产水水质无法满足应用指标时,就需要对膜元件进行更换。膜剖检分析是研究和确定膜污染最直观有效的方法,通过膜剖检分析及膜污染诊断可以为膜元件的日常维护、膜系统运行优化和膜性能修复提供有效依据。但是,目前对于膜剖检分析的实践及膜污染诊断研究还不系统、不全面。本文针对RO/NF膜剖检分析及膜污染诊断相关研究,介绍了膜元件剖检分析流程和各类膜污染分析方法,分析了实际应用中存在的问题,并根据膜剖检分析的意义和价值,重点综述了膜污染成分诊断、膜污染分布情况诊断、不同应用场景膜污染情况对比和不同膜材料的污染情况对比研究进展,以期为膜污染机制研究、膜污染预防控制和膜系统运行改善提供参考。

Reverse osmosis(RO)and nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling will inevitably occur during long-term operation,which causes the decline of membrane performance.Once the water quality cannot meet the requirement for specific application,the deteriorated membranes need to be replaced.Membrane autopsy is considered as the most intuitive and effective method for studying and identifying the membrane fouling.The results of membrane autopsy and membrane fouling diagnosis are analyzed to provide an effective basis for optimizing the operation of membrane system,maintaining the membrane elements in a regular routine and rejuvenating the membrane performance.However,the practice of membrane autopsy and the study of membrane fouling diagnosis are not systematic and comprehensive.According to the related research of RO/NF membrane autopsy and membrane fouling diagnosis,in this paper,the detailed procedure of membrane autopsy and various analytical methods of membrane fouling were introduced,and meanwhile the existing problems in the practical application were discussed.The diagnosis of fouling composition and spatial distribution,the comparison of membrane fouling in different application scenarios and membrane materials are mainly reviewed,which may provide an insight into studying the mechanisms and control methods of membrane fouling,and optimizing the operation of membrane system.