负有照护职责人员性侵罪的立法评析与司法适用

Legislative Analysis and Judicial Application of the Crime of Sexual Assault Committed by Personnel Responsible for Care

从实质的法益概念出发进行考察,负有照护职责人员性侵罪的设立兼具防止未成年人遭受性侵害观念增强的社会根据,以及国家培养少年、儿童身心全面发展的宪法根据。性自主决定权不能完全涵盖负有照护职责人员性侵罪的保护法益,本罪的法益还应当包括未成年人身心健康权。对于本罪中的"特殊职责"应进行限制解释,形式上要具备特殊身份,实质上要利用职责对未成年女性产生不平等影响。成立本罪需要行为人认识到该未成年女性的年龄。基于保护未成年人身心健康发展的目的,"发生性关系"应当作广义的理解。评判"情节恶劣"只能考虑客观方面的表明法益侵害程度的情节。强奸罪与本罪之间是存在交叉关系的法条竞合,但在司法实务中不必严格区分,只需适用重法优先的原则即可。

Based on the essential concept of legal interest,the establishment of the crime of sexual assault by the personnel in charge of care has the social basis of strengthening the concept of preventing minors from sexual assault,as well as the constitutional basis of fostering the all-round physical and mental development of juveniles and children.The right of sexual autonomy can not completely cover the legal interests of the protection of sexual assault,the legal interests of this crime should also include the right of physical and mental health of minors.The"special duty"in this crime should be construed to have a special identity in the form and to have an unequal impact on the underage women in the essence.Establishing this crime requires the perpetrator to recognize the age of the minor female.For the purpose of protecting the physical and mental health of minors,"having sex"should be understood in a broad sense.Judging the“bad circumstances”can only consider the objective aspects of the infringement of legal interests that the extent of the circumstances.Rape and this crime are overlapping laws,but in judicial practice there is no need to strictly distinguish,only the principle of priority to the law can be applied.