我国碳排放权交易机制运行评价及政策建议

The Operational Evaluation and Policy Recommendations of China’s Carbon Emission Trading Mechanism

随着市场机制逐渐引入到环境政策中,基于市场手段实现我国碳减排目标具有重要意义。碳排放权交易机制致力于完成减排目标,降低减排成本,激励更多企业主动参与碳排放权交易市场中。从首批碳排放权交易试点市场的启动到全国碳排放权交易市场的建设,标志了我国向低碳经济转型。根据碳排放权交易机制的运行原理,探索碳排放权交易机制影响碳减排的关键要素和影响路径,构建碳排放权交易机制运行效果评价指标体系,从市场运行、市场监管、市场建设和履约情况等角度,并收集7个碳排放权交易试点市场的运行数据,对碳排放权交易机制的运行效果进行评价。根据碳排放权试点市场2013-2019年的运行评价得分情况,发现碳排放权交易机制总体而言运行较好,且日益完善。从各指标层分析可以得出以下结论:(1)配额总量制度有待进一步完善,同时应进一步加强MRV机制的报告频率,完善市场制度的建设。(2)丰富的交易产品有利于市场运行。从碳排放权交易试点市场的交易情况来看,市场的交易次数和交易量都有较大幅度的增长。(3)持续关注市场监管情况。随着市场规模的扩大,在碳排放权交易机制下,随着拍卖法的引入及行业的不断扩充,信息不确定性增加,在信息不透明的情况下,部分试点市场对公共信息的吸收以及对私有信息的判断准确性需进一步完善。应增强碳排放权交易市场监管的有效性。(4)保持较高的市场履约率,以实现市场的不断完善。最后,基于评价结果提出进一步完善碳排放权交易机制的政策建议:(1)加强对碳交易市场的监管,维护市场秩序,防止交易过程中出现违约行为。(2)实施有效的制度保障,实现试点市场间的跨区域合作,将区域性的碳排放交易市场进行资源整合。(3)科学制定总量目标和覆盖范围,加强温室气体排放统计与核算作为基础。这对于我国实现2030年“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的碳减排目标,并加快全国碳排放权交易市场的建设具有重要意义。

With the gradual introduction of market mechanisms into environmental policies,it is of great significance to achieve China's carbon emission reduction targets based on market means.The carbon emission trading mechanism is committed to fulfilling emission reduction targets,reducing emission reduction costsand encouraging more companies to actively participate in the carbon emission trading markets.The launch of the first batch of carbon emission trading pilot markets and the construction of the national carbon emission trading marketshave marked China's transition to a low-carbon economy.According to the operating principle of the carbon emission trading mechanism,this paper explores the key elements and influence paths of the carbon emission trading mechanism that affect carbon emission reductionand builds an evaluation index system for the operation effect of the carbon emission trading mechanism.From market operation,market supervision,and market construction and compliance,this paperevaluates the operating effects of the carbon emission trading mechanism from the perspective of the situation and other aspectsand collects operating data of 7 carbon emission trading pilot markets to evaluate the operating effects of the carbon emission trading mechanism.According to the operating evaluation scores of the carbon emission rights pilot markets from 2013 to 2019,it is found that the carbon emission rights trading mechanism generally operates well and is becoming more and more perfect.The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of various indicators:(1)The total quota system needs to be further improved,at the same time,the reporting frequency of the MRV mechanism should be further strengthenedand the construction of the market system should be improved.(2)Abundant trading products are conducive to the operation of the market.Judging from the trading situation of the pilot carbon emission trading markets,the number of transactions and the volume of transactions in the market have increased significantly.(3)It is advisable to continue to pay attention to market supervision.With the expansion of the market size,under the carbon emission trading mechanism,and with the introduction of the auction law and the continuous expansion of the industry,the uncertainty of information has increased.Under the circumstance of opaque information,some pilot markets have absorbed and treated public information.The judgment accuracy of private information needs to be further improved.The effectiveness of carbon emissions trading market supervision should be enhanced.(4)It is advisable to maintain a high market compliance rate to achieve continuous market improvement.Finally,based on the results of the evaluation,policy recommendations to further improve the carbon emission trading mechanism are proposed:(1)Strengthening the supervision of the carbon trading market,maintaining market orderand preventing breaches in the trading process;(2)implementing effective institutional guarantees,realizing cross-regional cooperation among pilot markets and integrating resources in regional carbon emission trading markets;(3)scientifically formulating total targets and coverage areasand strengthening greenhouse gas emission statistics and accounting as the basis.This is of great significance for China to achieve the carbon emission reduction targets of"carbon peak"and"carbon neutrality"in 2030 and to speed up the construction of the national carbon emission rights trading markets.