万里碧道:习近平生态文明思想的广东生动实践

An Academic Conversation on a Long Green Channel:XI Jin-ping's Practices of Ecological Civilization in Guangdong

治水兴水是习近平生态文明思想的重要内容。高质量规划建设万里碧道代表着广东在生态文明背景下系统治水兴水的新方向。为全面介绍和展现广东万里碧道规划建设的丰富理念内涵,本刊编辑部以“万里碧道”为主题组织学术笔谈,邀请了9位专家学者就万里碧道规划建设的理念、目标、任务、方法等方面进行探讨。作为10年前广东绿道和现在万里碧道总体规划的项目总负责,马向明认为绿道作为广东将生态修复与社会服务功能相结合的大型网络连接工程,开启了广东线性开敞空间的建设;碧道以流域为单元,将治水与治岸结合,营建功能复合的河流廊道,促进沿线社会-自然系统的优化调整与耦合。碧道既是绿道经验的继承和发扬,又进一步延伸拓展,碧道在功能上更为复合、在协同制度上进行了创新、在理念上引入了时间维度。从绿道到碧道,展现了广东线性开敞空间建设从网络连到系统耦合的发展。邱衍庆谈及广东万里碧道规划建设以保护与恢复河流自然生态为首要原则,通过明确万里碧道建设负面清单,结合不同碧道类型因地制宜发挥人工力和自然力,引入时间维度强调分阶段推进碧道建设等方式,做到“守住自然生态安全边界,建设人与自然和谐共生的万里碧道”。同样聚焦于碧道水生态保护与修复,黄本胜提出通过河流生态系统健康评估发现主要生态问题提升有针对性的修复措施,构建河流生态廊道予以生态系统足够的空间的时间,同时强调河道生态形态保护与恢复、水生生物保护与恢复以及生态流量的保障等进行河流生态保护与修复。王浩从国土空间开发保护格局构建的视角出发,强调万里碧道对优化广东省国土空间保护与开发格局的重要作用。依托万里碧道建设河流生态廊道有助于构建全省完整生态安全格局,以水为纽带促进区域空间“缝合”,为新时期优化国土空间格局和资源配置的探索了路径。刘霞认为万里碧道建设是创新广东水利规划设计理念和工作方式的良好契机,创新水资源开发利用理念推行节水减排绿色生产生活方式,创新水利工程建设治理推进水安全、水环境、水生态等系统治理,促进水利规划设计理念升级。堤防是碧道建设主要空间载体和基础性功能框架,起着关键性作用。陈俊昂从堤防建设形式与功能演变的视角切入,提出堤防建设必须从空间、资源调控、社会治理能力等方面为碧道建设提供支撑条件,才能更好达到碧道建设愿景。肖宇从多元视角分析万里碧道对大都市连绵区的作用,指出河道是大都市连绵区内营造连续优质公共空间的“最后选择”。在知识经济时代,依托河道建设的万里碧道因为能提供丰富的生态、社会平等、美学与健康的文化价值,对大都市连绵区的生态环境和公共空间营造显得尤为重要。牛丞禹指出为线性开敞空间,万里碧道聚焦于解决生态问题、融合了更多生态设计理念、对生态资源价值转化更为高效和多元,碧道充分借鉴绿道的经验和教训,提供了一个新的以流域为完整地理单元,实现高质量发展的广东解决方案。马满林着重对河流生态健康评估方法进行介绍,强调以“流域为单元”,划分两级评估单元,以水域和陆域生态系统为评估对象,建立评估指标体系进行评估,把脉河流各类“病因”,找准“病根”,有针对性提升系统治理对策和工程措施。

Water conservation projects are an important facet of Xi Jinping’s Thought of Ecological Civilization.The high-quality planning and construction of a long green channel represent a new direction for systematic water conservation projects in Guangdong,from the perspective of ecological civilization.To introduce and showcase the rich philosophy and connotations of a long green channel in Guangdong Province,the Editorial Department of our journal organized an academic discussion on“A long green channel”.A total of nine experts and scholars were invited to discuss the philosophy,goal,tasks,and methods for the long green channel construction.As the general director of the integrated plan of green channels in Guangdong Province 10 years ago and the present green channel,Ma Xiangming believed that-as a large network connection project that combines ecological restoration and social service functions in Guangdong-this green channel symbolizes the beginning of linear open space construction in Guangdong Province.Based on river basins,this green channel combines water conversation and bank management to build a river corridor with integrated functions and to promote the optimal adjustment and coupling of the coastal society and surrounding natural system.The channel is not only a heritage site,but also promotes experiences.The green channel integrates more functions,improves upon the synergistic system,and introduces the time dimension.From the greenway to the green channel,the development of linear open space construction in Guangdong Province is exhibited,forming a network for system coupling.Qiu Yanqing shows that natural ecological protection and restoration in rivers is the primary principle in green channel planning and construction in Guangdong Province.He suggested the development of manpower and natural power in different types of green channels,according to local conditions,by determining the negative impact of the channel construction.He also introduced the time dimension to emphasize staged progress in channel construction,and proposed the construction of“a long green channel that reserves the safe boundary for natural ecology and maintains human-nature harmony”.Focusing on water ecological protection and restoration of the green channel,Huang Bensheng recommended that major ecological problems be addressed to improve the specific restoration measures through the ecosystem health assessment of rivers,and the construction of an ecological river corridor to give the ecosystem enough space and time.Further,he emphasized the morphological protection and restoration of ecology in the river,aquatic conversation and restoration,the guarantee of ecological flows,etc.From the perspective of spatial development and the protection pattern of national lands,Wang Hao emphasized that the long green channel plays an important role in the spatial protection and development pattern of land in Guangdong Province.Constructing the ecological river corridor based on this long green channel is conducive to the construction of a complete ecological safety pattern in the entire province to promote spatial“sealing”in the region by taking water as the tie.This explores a route for the optimization of spatial patterns and resource allocation in national land.Liu Xia et al.believed that the construction of this long green channel is a good opportunity to innovate in terms of water conservation planning,the design philosophy,and construction modes in Guangdong Province,facilitating the development and utilization of water resources,promoting the green production and lifestyle of water-saving and emission reduction,improving water-safety management,conserving the water environment and water ecology,and improving the water conservation planning and design philosophy.Dikes are major spatial carriers and fundamental functional frameworks in channel construction.From the perspective of dike construction modes and their functional evolution,Chen Junang suggested that dike construction must support the green channel construction from the perspectives of space,resource regulation,and social management capacity to better realize the prospect of green channel construction.Xiao Yu analyzed the role of the long green channel in continuous districts of megacities from multiple perspectives.He pointed out that the long green channel,constructed based on rivers,is of particular importance to the local ecological environment and public space creation since it can improve the ecology,social equality,cultural values(in terms of aesthetics),and health of individuals.Niu Chengyu showed that,as a linear open space,the long green channel focuses on solving ecological problems and integrates more ecological design philosophies,transforming ecological resource values more effectively and in more diversified ways.This long green channel provides a new solution to realize the high-quality development of Guangdong Province,and uses the river basin as the integral geographical unit.Ma Manlin introduced ecological health assessment approaches for rivers,and divided two levels of assessment units by emphasizing the“basin unit”,namely,the water ecosystem and land ecosystem.These ecosystems were assessed by building an evaluation index system to diagnose various“pathogeneses”and recognize“root causes”accurately.On this basis,some specific countermeasures and engineering measures to improve system management were proposed.