三明市学生常见病患病情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Common Diseases among Students in Sanming City

目的了解三明市儿童青少年近视、龋齿、肥胖与营养不良等重点学生常见病的患病情况及健康影响因素,为采取针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法对三元区和宁化县12所中小学校的4983名学生开展裸眼远视力、电脑验光、身高、体重、龋齿、血压、脊柱弯曲等检查,并对四年级及以上的4001名学生开展学生近视等相关影响因素问卷调查。结果三明市中小学生的贫血率为3.51%、近视率为50.60%、乳牙龋齿率为46.56%、恒牙龋齿率为47.53%、营养不良率为8.01%、超重肥胖率为24.10%、脊柱弯曲率为5.48%、血压偏高率为26.68%。城区中小学生的近视、龋齿、超重肥胖、脊柱弯曲和血压检出率均高于郊县,郊县学生的贫血患病率高于城区(P<0.05)。结论三明市中小学生常见病患病情况不容乐观。学生常见病防控工作应坚持政府主导,加大学校和医疗卫生机构的协同力度,通过医防协同融合,积极采取针对性干预措施,提高学生身体素质,降低学生常见病患病率。

Objective To understand the prevalence and health influencing factors of common diseases among children and adolescents in Sanming City,such as myopia,dental caries,obesity and malnutrition,so as to provide scientific basis for targeted intervention measures.Methods A total of 4983 students from 12 primary and secondary schools in Sanyuan District and Ninghua County were examined by naked vision,computer optometry,height,weight,dental caries,blood pressure and CRISTA curvature,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 4001 students of grade four and above on the factors related to Myopia.Results Anemia rate was 3.51%,myopia rate was 50.60%,deciduous tooth caries rate was 46.56%,permanent tooth caries rate was 47.53%,malnutrition rate was 8.01%,overweight and obesity rate was 24.10%,CRISTA curvature rate was 5.48%,high blood pressure rate was 26.68%.The detection rates of myopia,dental caries,overweight and obesity,CRISTA curvature and blood pressure in urban primary and middle school students were higher than those in suburban counties,and the prevalence of anemia in suburban students was higher than that in urban areas(P<0.05).Conclusion The situation of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Sanming is not optimistic.The prevention and control of common diseases among students should be guided by the government,and the joint efforts of schools and medical and health institutions should be strengthened,active targeted intervention measures to improve the physical quality of students,so as to reduce the prevalence of common diseases among students.