陀思妥耶夫斯基论:从“最高现实”到构建“人类一家亲”的旷野呼告

On Dostoevsky: From the “Highest Reality” to the Wilderness Call for the Construction of “Human Family”

陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作以关注和剖析人、人性、人心的奥秘见长,从成名作《穷人》开始,到最后一部长篇巨作《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》,无不如此。在陀氏笔下,人无完人,没有完美的好人,也没有完全的恶人,这是"不论断人"的认识前提。阻碍这一认识的重要因素是孤独、信仰缺失的人的骄傲和非理性冲动,实际上,在陀氏看来,人与人之间本来就具有亲缘关系,都是兄弟姐妹,故而"一切人为一切罪负责",只有在此认识的基础之上才有可能实现"人类一家亲"的理想世界。

Dostoevsky’s writings are known for paying attention to and analyzing the mysteries of people, human nature, and the basement of the human heart. From the first famous work Poor Folks to the last masterpiece The Brothers Karamazov, this is all true. In Dostoevsky’s writings, there is no perfect person, no perfect good person, and also no perfect evil person. This is the prerequisite for the understanding of "no judgment". The important factors that hinder this understanding are the pride and irrational impulse of people who are lonely and lack of faith. In fact, in Dostoevsky’s view, people are inherently related to each other, they are all brothers and sisters, and human beings are family members, therefore, "all people are responsible for all sins", and only on the basis of this understanding can it be possible to realize the ideal world of a human family.