公平与效率视角下影响农民幸福感的因素分析

An Analysis of the Factors of Farmers’ Happiness under the Perspective of Equity and Efficiency

幸福感是人民生活水平的重要体现,也是经济发展和公共政策的重要目标。本文采用2014、2016年中国劳动力动态调查面板数据,实证分析农地调整对农民幸福感的影响。结果发现,农地调整对农民幸福感具有显著正向影响,在控制个人特征、家庭特征、社会特征以及年份效应后结果依然稳健,且个人、家庭与社会特征对农民幸福感存在差异化影响。进一步的机制检验表明,社会公平感、家庭收入在农地调整与农民幸福感间存在部分中介效应,且农民对社会公平的诉求更为强烈。因此,应在确保农地产权稳定前提下,充分发挥农地适度调整的积极效应,提高农业经济效率,以乡村振兴战略实施为契机,营造公平公正社会环境,推进农民幸福感与经济发展同步提升。

The happiness is an important manifestation of people’s living standards, and also an important goal of economic development and public policy. Based on the panel data of Chinese labor force dynamic survey in 2014-2016, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of farmland reallocation on farmers’ happiness. The results show that farmland reallocation has a significant positive effect on happiness of farmers, and the results remain stable after controlling characteristics of individual, household, community and year. Characteristics of individual, household and community also have a significant positive effect on happiness of farmers. Through the mechanism test, results show that the annual income of household and social fairness have partial intermediary effects between the reallocation of farmland and the happiness of farmers, and farmers have a stronger demand for social fairness. Therefore, we should treat the behavior of farmland reallocation objectively, give full play to the positive effect of farmland, and improve the economic efficiency of farmers. We also should take the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy as an opportunity to create a fair social environment, to promote happiness of farmers to update synchronously with economic development.