林地地块特征对农户林业生产效率的影响

The Effects of the Characteristics of Forest Land Parcels on Farmers Forestry Production Efficiency

基于2018年陕西、湖南、福建3省林权制度改革监测项目的数据,运用DEA-BCC方法测算农户的林业生产效率,研究林地地块特征对林业生产效率的影响。结果表明:陕西、湖南、福建3省家庭农户林业生产效率普遍较低,户均仅0.35,仍存在较大的提升空间;明晰的产权、联户经营和抵押贷款能够显著提高农户家庭林业生产效率,而林地细碎化会降低林业生产效率;受教育程度、家庭人口数和非农就业率对农户的林业生产效率也会产生不同程度的影响。因此,应鼓励农户积极参加联户经营,发展多种形式的适度规模;促进林权抵押贷款,加强资金扶持力度;加快农村现代化进程,完善农村社会就业体系促进林业生产效率提升。

⑴Background--After the collective forest tenure reform,the clarification of forestry property rights and permitting the circulation of forest land were used to stimulate farmers'enthusiasm for production,improve farmers'production efficiency,and form a new situation of China's modern forestry.⑵Methods--Use the data of the forest tenure reform in Shaanxi,Hunan,and Fujian in 2018,and select 547 samples of effective farmers.Taking farmers'income from forestry in 2018 as output indicators,and using land,labor,and capital input in 2018 as input indicators,the DEA-BCC model was constructed and DEAP2.1 software was used to calculate the forestry production efficiency of family farmers in 2018.On this basis,a Tobit model is constructed to study the impact of forest land property rights characteristics,management characteristics and geographic characteristics on the efficiency of family farmers'forestry production.⑶Results--The forestry production efficiency of family farmers has regional differences.The forestry production efficiency of the three provinces is at a relatively low level,and there is still a lot of room for improvement.According to the calculation results of the DEA-BCC model,the average household forestry production efficiency of 547 households is only 0.35,and the average level forestry production efficiency of Shaanxi(0.44)is higher than that of Hunan(0.32)and Fujian(0.30).First,from the perspective of the characteristics of forest land property rights,clear property rights can promote forestry production efficiency effectively(t=2.54).In addition,the amount of forest rights mortgage loan also has a significant positive impact on the forestry production efficiency of family farmers(t=1.49).Second,from the perspective of land management characteristics,forestry subsidies and participation in partnership management have a significant positive impact on the forestry production efficiency of family farmers(t=2.12).Partnership management has an extremely significant impact on the improvement of the forestry production efficiency of family farmers.The forestry production efficiency of the family farmers participating in the partnership management is 3.79 higher than that of the family farmers not participating in the partnership management.Third,from the perspective of geographic characteristics of the land,the area of forest land has a positive impact on the efficiency of forestry production,and the degree of forest land fragmentation has a negative impact on the efficiency of forestry production.But the effect is not significant.From the perspective of family characteristics of farmers,the improvement of education level will reduce the forestry production efficiency of farmers(t=2.79).The total population of family farmers is positively correlated with forestry production efficiency;the non-agricultural employment rate is negatively correlated with forestry production efficiency.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--First,encourage farmers to participate in partnership management actively and develop various forms of appropriate scale.Encourage forest land circulation and support open market transactions.Encourage and guide farmers to transfer forest land management rights through subcontracting,renting,etc.Second,promote forest rights mortgage loans and strengthen financial support.For a single small farmer,capital is one of the important factors restricting the forestry operation of the family farmer,and the shortage of funds is an important reason for restricting the forestry production efficiency of the family farmer.Third,speed up the process of rural modernization and improve the rural social employment system.In the process of rural development and modernization,labor is the most important factor of production,and relevant systems should be improved to attract young labor to return.