中国的全球价值链分工地位及驱动因素——融合经济地位与技术地位的综合测度

China’s Status in Global Value Chains and the Driving Factors——A Comprehensive Measurement Integrated Economic Status and Technological Status

全球价值链的分工地位很大程度上影响着一国参与国际经济活动的利得份额,为此,本文构建了融合全球价值链经济地位与技术地位的综合性测度指标,并基于2000—2014年世界投入产出数据库,分析了中国全球价值链分工地位的演变规律,研究结果表明:中国的全球价值链分工地位已经取得了较大提升,但国际排名仍比较靠后,不仅显著低于美国、日本、英国等发达国家,也低于巴西和俄罗斯两个金砖国家,反映了中国在全球价值链中"低端锁定"的困境仍较为严峻;尽管中国初级产业、制造业和服务业的全球价值链分工地位均显著提升,并表现出明显的"追赶"趋势,但各行业的国际排名均较为落后,其中,服务业的落后程度最大,制造业中技术密集型行业的落后程度最大;技术地位效应是推动中国全球价值链分工地位提升的主导因素,经济地位效应是次要因素,增加值结构效应则产生了抑制作用。

A country’ s status in global value chains has a great influence on its profit share from international economic activities,then this paper constructs a comprehensive index that integrates the economic status and technological status of global value chains,and analyzes the evolution of China’ s status in global value chains based on the WIOTs from 2000 to 2014. The main findings are as follows: China’ s status in global value chains has improved a lot,but its international ranking is still relatively low—not only is China ranked significantly lower than the United States,Japan and the United Kingdom,but it is also lower than Brazil and Russia. This indicates that China’ s "lowend locking"dilemma in global value chains is still serious. Although the status of China’s primary industries,manufacturing industries and service industries in global value chains have significantly improved,and shown obvious signs of "catching-up "to the leading countries,their international rankings are still relatively low,among which the service industry is the lowest. Furthermore, the technology-intensive industries are the most backward in manufacturing industries. The technological status effect is the leading factor to promote China’ s status in global value chains,and the economic status effect is the secondary factor,while the value-added structure effect has an inhibitory effect.