儿童养育成本社会化的理论逻辑与实现路径

Theoretical Logic and Realization Path of the Socialization of Child Rearing Costs

儿童养育成本高是中国人口出生率不断下降的原因之一。现代社会,由于社会保障制度的建立,国民收入转移支付力度加大,儿童养育的属性已经从私人品供给演变为公共品供给,从私人投资演变为社会投资,需要重塑儿童养育成本负担主体,构建儿童养育成本政府与家庭分担机制,化解儿童养育成本家庭化与养育收益社会化的矛盾。因而,建立政府托幼服务成本、生育时间支持成本和儿童教育成本社会化机制,实施儿童生活津贴和住房补贴制度,以降低儿童养育成本,有助于提升家庭生育意愿。

The high cost of raising children is one of the reasons for the declining birth rate in China.Nowadays,due to the establishment of social security system and the increase of national income transfer payment,the nature of child care has evolved from private goods supply to public goods supply,and from private investment to social investment.Therefore,it is necessary to reshape the main body of child rearing costs.Build a mechanism for sharing child rearing costs between the government and families,and resolve the contradiction between the familyization of child rearing costs and the socialization of parenting benefits.Therefore,it is recommended to establish a socialization mechanism for the cost of government childcare services,childbirth time support costs and child education costs,implement the system of child living allowance and housing subsidy,so as to reduce the cost of child rearing costs and increase families’willingness to bear children.