基于AHP-DEMATEL-ISM方法的畜产品生产质量关键影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of livestock products production quality based on AHP-DEMATEL-ISM method

我国是畜产品生产消费的大国。由于环境污染、管理模式不健全,我国畜产品生产质量安全问题仍然存在,因此,研究畜产品生产质量的关键影响因素对保障国民健康有着积极的作用。本研究通过构建畜产品生产质量特征体系,运用层次分析-决策试验和评价试验-解释模型(AHP-DEMATEL-ISM)方法,分析影响畜产品生产质量的关键因素,按AHP-DEMATEL综合权重大小将影响畜产品生产质量的因素进行排序,并找出影响畜产品生产质量的根本因素、深层因素、中层因素以及表层因素。结果表明:养殖人员文化程度、产地检疫力度、养殖企业管理体系是影响畜产品生产质量的根本因素,同时也是原因因素,但由于短期较难改善,因素权重较低;标准化养殖水平和科学养殖意识是影响畜产品生产质量的深层因素,同时也是原因因素,因素权重较高;养殖企业清洁生产能力、饲料抽检合格率、防疫力度、圈舍现代化水平、兽药抽检合格率5个因素为衡量畜产品生产质量的中层因素,同时也是结果因素,因素权重居中;区域性生态环境水平和畜禽良种率为衡量畜产品生产质量的表层因素,同时也是结果因素。基于分析结果,提出持续推进生态化、规模化养殖模式,促进畜牧业绿色化发展;对标国际畜产品生产标准,促进畜产品标准化生产;加大科研力度及投入,促进绿色饲料兽药研发;加快疫苗研制工作,提升防疫检疫水平;提高畜产品养殖人员的文化素养,推动高素质养殖人员培育工作的展开;加大畜产品质量监管力度,依法保障畜产品生产质量的政策建议,以期为提高畜产品生产质量提供决策帮助。

China is a big country in the production and consumption of livestock products. However, due to environmental pollution problems and unsound management systems, the production quality and safety problems of livestock products in China still exist. Therefore, studying the key factors which affect the livestock products production quality has a positive effect on the protection of national health. In this study, the key factors affecting the production quality of livestock products were analyzed by constructing the production quality indictor system of livestock products and using AHP-DEMATEL-ISM method. According to the importance of AHP-DEMATEL comprehensive weight, the factors affecting the quality of animal products were sorted, and the fundamental factors, deep factors, middle factors and surface factors influencing the animal products production quality of were found out. The results showed that the educational level of the breeders, the intensity of the origin quarantine, and the management system of farming enterprises were the fundamental factors, as well as the causal factors. However, these factors were difficult to improve in the short-term, so the factor weights were low. The standardized breeding level and scientific breeding awareness were the deep-level factors, as well as the causal factors, so the weight of factors was relatively high. Five factors such as clean production capacity of farming enterprises, feed sampling pass rate, epidemic prevention efforts, the modernization level of livestock housing, and veterinary drug sampling pass rate were the middle-level factors which were also the result factors to measure the livestock products production quality and these factor weights were in the middle. The regional ecological environment and the rate of good breeds of livestock were superficial factors and result factors. Based on the analysis results, a sustainable ecological and large-scale breeding model was proposed to promote the green development of animal husbandry;benchmarking international livestock product production standards to promote standardized production of livestock products;increasing scientific research and investment to promote green feed veterinary drug research and development;accelerating the development of vaccines to improve the level of epidemic prevention and quarantine;improving the cultural quality of livestock breeding personnel to promote the development of high-quality breeding personnel;strengthen supervision over the livestock products production quality and guarantee the livestock products production quality according to law. All these suggestions were intended to provide decision-making assistance for improving the livestock products production quality.