黄河流域高质量发展分区分级分类调控策略研究

Regulation Strategy of Zoning-Gradation-Classification for High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin

科学实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,确保生态安全、粮食安全和流域安全,需要在生态安全基础上对其不同地域空间进行合理功能定位,探索建立分区分级分类调控的新体系。通过构建包括生态、经济和社会等维度的指标体系,使用SPSS聚类分析,对黄河流域91个地市、739个区县进行功能的分区、分级、分类识别和调控方向分析,结果如下:(1)立足黄河流域生态保护、粮食生产和资源储存三大功能,使用单位生态面积、单位耕地面积以及采矿业从业人数占比进行分区,可以划分为粮食生产区、资源储藏区和生态保护区。(2)从经济功能入手,使用经济和人口指标,从市区和市域两方面出发,将91个地市进行等级划分,其中西安、郑州、济南和青岛经济发展好、分类级别高,是流域中心性城市,带动着整个流域的发展;兰州、呼和浩特和太原经济发展较好,等级较高,三者可作为区域中心性城市,带动周边区域发展。(3)综合考虑生态、人口、经济、农业和资源,对区县进行分类,同时与主体功能区划进行对比,立足生态保护和粮食生产,将739个区县划分为8种类型,分别为发展核心区、适度开发区、生态保障区、限制开发区、粮食保障下的重点开发区、粮食保障下的适度开发区、生态保护下的重点开发区以及生态保护下的适度开发区。黄河流域高质量发展必须将生态保护和粮食生产作为前提条件,协调好三者的关系是调控的核心任务之一。

To scientifically realize the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin,and ensure the ecological security,food security and watershed security,it is necessary to make a reasonable functional positioning of its different territorial spaces on the basis of ecological security,and to explore the establishment of a new regulation system of zoning-gradation-classification for high-quality development.By constructing the index system including ecological,economic and social dimensions,and using SPSS cluster analysis,this article identifies the functions of 91 prefecture-level cities and 739 districts and counties in the Yellow River basin and analyzes its zoning,gradation,classification and the direction of regulation.The results are as follows:1)Based on the three functions of ecological protection,grain production and resources storage,the Yellow River basin can be divided into grain production area,resource storage area and ecological protection area by using the three indexes of unit ecological area,unit cultivated land area and proportion of mining industry employees.2)Focusing on economic function and using economic and population indexes,91 cities are classified from the two aspects of city proper and municipal area.There have better economic development and higher classification level in Xi’an,Zhengzhou,Jinan and Qingdao,which can be used as the central cities of the river basin,so as to drive the economic development of the whole river basin.There have high-level economic development in Lanzhou,Hohhot and Taiyuan,which can be used as regional central cities to drive the development of surrounding areas.3)Taking ecology,population,economy,agriculture and resources into consideration,the cities and counties are classified and compared with the main function zoning.Based on ecological protection and food production,739 districts and counties are divided into 8 types which are development core zone,moderate development zone,ecological security zone,restricted development zone,key development zone based on food security,moderate development zone based on food security,key development zone based on ecological protection,and moderate development zone based on ecological protection.Ecological protection and grain production must be considered as the precondition for the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.Coordinating their relationships is one of the core tasks of regulations.