社会条件、政策支持对农民工城市融入的影响--基于推拉理论的实证分析

Impact of Social Conditions and Policy Support on Urban Integration of Migrant Workers:Empirical Analysis Based on Push-Pull Theory

基于全国1279个样本数据,采用最优尺度回归模型探讨个体融入能力、社会融入条件、政策融入支持对农民工城市融入的影响。结果表明:农民工的整体融入情况良好,但还存在相当部分农民工徘徊在融入的边缘,东部较高的生活成本对农民工城市融入形成“阻力”;政策融入支持的拉力最高,拉力效应远大于个体融入能力与社会融入条件形成的拉力。其中,拉力作用从大到小依次为:户籍限制、就业服务满意度、社会保险便利度、社会保障满意度、职业介绍、经济能力、同工不同酬、职位类型、职业培训、保障性住房租用、稳定性、身体能力,农民工对就业公平较为敏感。同时,发现性别、受教育程度、劳动强度、就业歧视对农民工城市融入不具有“阻力”。因此,为推动农民工城市融入,建议精准就业服务政策,优化公共产品;完善社会保障政策,扩大覆盖范围;加快社会制度改革,优化社会环境。

Based on the push-pull theory and 1279 sample data collected across the country,the optimal scale regression model was used to explore the impact of individual integration capabilities,social integration conditions,and policy integration support on the integration of migrant workers into cities.The results show that while the overall integration of migrant workers is relatively good,a considerable number of migrant workers remain hovering on the edge of integration.The higher cost of living in the east has resulted in migrant workers’“resistance”to be integrated into the city;policy integration support has the highest pull,far greater than the pull formed by the conditions for social integration and the workers’individual ability to become integrated.Among them,factors with the pulling force arranged in descending order are household registration restriction,employment service satisfaction,social insurance convenience,social security satisfaction,job reconmmendation,economic ability,different pay for similar jobs,job type,vocational training,housing security,stability,physical ability,and migrant workers are more sensitive to employment fairness.At the same time,gender,educational ability,labor intensity,and employment discrimination cause no“resistance”in migrant workers to the integration into cities.In order to promote the integration of migrant workers into the city,precise employment service policies should be adopted to optimize public products;social security policies should be improved to expand coverage;social system reform should be accelerated to optimize the social environment.