探究政策机制的类型匹配与运用

An Exploration of the Type Matching and Application of Policy Mechanisms

从现代化角度审视,总结与归纳改革开放进程中的政策机制与模式匹配,有助于当前国家治理体系现代化建设,也为更长时段的国家治理调整提供思考。长期以来,我国在重大体制机制改革或新型政策体系的决策实施中,形成了国家治理中的行政主导机制,实现了较高的治理效率。新时代的政策环境发生了显著改变,公众对政策问题解决、决策科学性、政府治理能力都有了更高的要求。在以精准施政为支撑的高质量发展阶段,我国公共政策过程也正在配合着政策对象的多元趋势,演化出了多方博弈机制和影响网络机制,契合了宏观政策环境的变化。政策机制的运用从单一走向多元意味着治理形态呈现权变特征,而政策机制运用的转型体现了时代发展的历史必然性。在重大政策改革中,公共政策类型的分化与行政主导机制不匹配带来的施政挑战亟须关注。通过灵活协调使用各类政策机制,能够减少模式匹配带来的经济社会成本,保障全面深化改革效果。

From the perspective of modernization,it is useful to summarize the matching of policy mechanisms and types in the process of reform and opening up in order to help modernize the current national governance system and provide thoughts for the longer-term adjustment of national governance.China has long since developed administrative-led arrangements in national governance,which have gained high governance efficiency in the implementation of major institutional reforms or new policy systems.The policy environment has changed significantly in the new era as the general public has placed much higher demands on solving policy problems,scientific decision-making and efficient governance.In this stage of high-quality development supported by targeted governance,the public policy process in China is also evolving in line with the trend of diversification of policy targets,giving rise to the emergence of multi-stakeholder competition and impact-networking mechanisms in line with the changes in the macro-policy environment.The shift in the use of policy mechanisms from a single to a pluralistic approach implies a shift in the shape of governance,while the transition in the use of policy mechanisms reflects the historical inevitability of the times.In the context of major policy reforms,it is important to pay attention to the governance challenges posed by the mismatch between the differentiation of public policy types and administrative-led mechanisms.Through flexible and coordinated use of various policy mechanisms,we can reduce the economic and social costs brought about by such mismatches and ensure that comprehensive reform achieves its intended effects.