基于生命周期的数据跨境流动程序性与实质性监管

Procedural and Substantive Supervision of Cross-border Data Flow Based on Life Cycle

数据通信传输与处理分析技术的更新迭代改变了数据流动样貌,数据流动的体量与频次以指数形式增长,流动数据的种类与格式相较之前大为丰富。基于信息技术实力、数字经济规模及历史文化传统等因素考量,不同国家跨境数据监管出发点不尽相同,甚至呈现截然相反的意图。无论是境外国家现行的出境审查政策,还是我国制定中的跨境监管计划,均以查阅支撑性文档形式的程序性审查为主,极少涉及功能检查、技术测试形式的实质性措施。将生命周期思想融入数据跨境流动监管策略制定,选取数据收集、数据交换、数据销毁三个环节实施监管措施,创新完善监管思路与实现路径,达到全方位、高效能、细粒度的监管目的。建议设立"数据自由贸易试验区",鼓励自贸试验区开展海关监管制度创新,丰富监管单位组成结构,塑造具有中国特色的数据监管能力。

The iterative update of data communication transmission and processing analysis technology has changed the appearance of data flow.The volume and frequency of data flow increase exponentially,and the types and formats of flowing data are much more abundant than before.Based on the strength of information technology,the scale of digital economy,historical and cultural traditions and other factors,the starting point of cross-border data supervision in different countries is not the same,and even presents diametrically opposite intentions.Both the current existing inspection policies of foreign countries and the cross-border regulatory plans of China are mainly procedural inspection in the form of consulting supporting documents,and rarely involve substantive measures in the form of functional inspection and technical testing.The life cycle idea is integrated into the regulatory strategy establishment of cross-border data flow,and the three links of data collection,data exchange and data destruction are selected to implement the regulatory measures.The regulatory ideas and implementation paths are innovated and improved to achieve the comprehensive,efficient and fine-grained regulatory purpose.It is suggested to establish a“data free trade pilot zone”,encourage the pilot free zone to carry out customs supervision system innovation,enrich the structure of supervision units,and shape the data supervision ability with Chinese characteristics.