下肢肌肉形态与自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员平衡稳定的相关性研究

Correlation Study of the Muscle Morphology of Lower limbs and the Balance Stability of Freestyle Skiing Aerials Athletes

目的:探讨肌肉形态与运动员平衡能力之间的关系,揭示肌肉力量差异对平衡控制能力的影响。方法:以22名自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队运动员(11男、11女)为研究对象,男19.45±5.0岁,女21.81±3.8岁。实验在稳定与非稳定平面进行单腿平衡15 s测试和静态双腿肌肉形态测量。分析运动员稳定指数与不同肌肉之间的相关性。结果:1)稳定平面下男、女运动员前后侧(AP)方向偏移幅度较小,内外侧(ML)方向偏移幅度显著大于AP方向(P<0.05);非稳定平面ML方向的偏移程度显著大于稳定平面(P<0.05);2)男、女运动员在非稳定平面与稳定平面AP方向偏移幅度均有显著性差异(P<0.05);3)男运动员股直肌、半腱肌、胫骨前肌3块肌肉的肌肉厚度明显大于女运动员(P<0.05);4)稳定平面男运动员股直肌与稳定指数的相关系数最低,半腱肌相关系数最高,达到0.714;5)稳定平面女运动员股直肌与稳定指数的关系较小,女运动员胫骨前肌的相关系数较高,达到0.630;6)非稳定平面,男运动员仅股直肌相关系数优于稳定平面,达到0.456;7)非稳定平面,女运动员所有肌肉相关系数均低于稳定平面。结论:1)稳定与非稳定平面运动员在AP与ML方向偏移量有一定差异;2)稳定平面运动员下肢肌肉与平衡能力相关性较高,但不同肌肉的相关程度不同;3)非稳定平面运动员下肢肌肉与平衡能力相关程度较低。

Objective:To explore the correlation between muscle morphology and athletes’bal‐ance ability so as to reveal the influence of muscle strength differences on balance control ability.Subjects:22 freestyle skiing aerials national athletes(11 males and 11 females),male(19.45±5.0 years)and female(21.81±3.8 years).Methods:the balance of single leg was measured for 15 seconds in stable and unstable surfaces and the muscle morphology of both legs was mea‐sured in static state.The correlation between athletes’stability index and different muscles was analyzed.Results:1)the offset amplitude of AP(anteroposterior)direction of male and female athletes was smaller and the offset amplitude of ML(mediolateral)was significantly larger than that of AP(P<0.05);and the offset amplitude of ML direction of unstable surface was signifi‐cantly larger than that of stable surface(P<0.05);2)there were significant differences between male and female athletes in AP direction of unstable surface and stable surface(P<0.05);3)the muscle thickness of rectus femoris,semitendinosus muscle and tibialis anterior muscle in male athletes was significantly higher than that in women(P<0.05);4)the correlation coefficient be‐tween rectus femoris muscle and stability index in stable surface male athletes was the lowest,while the correlation coefficient of semitendinosus muscle was the highest,reaching 0.714;5)the relationship between rectus femoris and stability index of female athletes was small,the correlation coefficient of tibialis anterior muscle of female athletes was higher,reaching 0.630;6)in the unstable surface,while the correlation coefficient of rectus femoris of male athletes was better than that of stable surface,reaching 0.456;7)in the unstable surface,the correlation coeffi‐cient of all muscles of female athletes was lower than that of stable surface.Conclusions:1)There are some differences between stable and unstable surface athletes in the direction of AP and ML.2)There is a high correlation between lower limb muscles and balance ability of stable surface athletes,but the correlation degree of different muscles is different.3)The correlation between lower limb muscle and balance ability of unstable surface athletes is low.