基于文本大数据的中国教育信息化政策(2000—2020年)分析及启示

The Analysis and Enlightenment of China’s Education Informatization Policies(2000—2020)Based on Textual Big Data

教育信息化是教育现代化的内生力量,是国家战略的重要组成部分。分析教育信息化政策,准确把握各类教育的战略需求,能为未来教育信息化的发展提供启示。利用文本挖掘、词频分析和关键词提取法,对2000—2020年间我国教育部有关教育信息化政策文本分析发现:基础教育信息化促进教育公平,助力学生减负;高等教育信息化融合思政教育,推动特色专业发展;职业教育与成人教育信息化关注特殊应用、保障社会服务。对比同时期国民经济和社会发展规划文本发现:“十五”期间全面推进“校校通”工程,开展大规模信息化基础建设;“十一五”期间初步建成“CERNET”“CEBsat”,普及信息化应用服务;“十二五”期间重点部署“三通两平台”,保障大规模优质教育资源共享;“十三五”期间稳步推进“三全两高一大”,探索信息时代教育治理新模式。对“十四五”期间我国教育信息化发展的启示:应优化治理模式,构建治理能力评价体系;回应上位政策,增强教育改革发展活力;完善普惠保障,均等化基本教育资源;开发优质资源,服务全民终身学习社会的建设。

Education informatization is the endogenous force of education modernization and an important part of the national strategy.Analyzing the education informatization policies and accurately grasping the strategic needs of various types of education can provide enlightenment for the development of the education informatization in the future.Using the methods of text mining,word frequency analysis and keyword extraction,the text analysis of the relevant education informatization policies of the Ministry of Education from 2000 to 2020 finds that elementary education informatization promotes educational equity and helps students reduce burdens;that higher education informatization integrates ideological and political education and promotes the development of characteristic specialities;and that vocational education and adult education informatization focus on special applications and guarantee social services.Compared with the planning texts of the national economy and social development in the same period,it is found that in the“Tenth Five-Year Plan”period,the“School-School Connection”project was fully promoted and large-scale informatization infrastructure construction was carried out;that in the“Eleventh Five-Year Plan”period,“CERNET”and“CEBsat”were initially built to popularize information application services;that in the“Twelfth Five-Year Plan”period,the deployment of“Three Links and Two Platforms”was focused on to ensure the sharing of large-scale high-quality education resources;and that in the“Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”period,the plan of“Three-Kind Completeness,Two High Levels and One Big Platform”was steadily carried out to construct a new pattern of educational governance in the information age.These provide some enlightenment for the development of China’s education informatization in the“Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”period:we should optimize the governance pattern and explore the governance capability evaluation system,respond to the superior policies to enhance the vitality of education reform and development,improve the guarantee of universal benefits and equalize the basic education resources,and develop high-quality resources to serve the construction of the life-long learning society of the whole people.