佛山市工作场所职业病危害因素分布特征及对职业健康风险的影响

Distribution Characteristics of Occupational Disease Hazards in the Workplace in Foshan City and Their Influence on Occupational Health Risks

目的通过对用人单位职业病危害因素监测,调查佛山市重点行业职业病危害因素分布特征,评估职业病危害因素暴露对劳动者健康的影响。方法于2020年3—8月,对煤矿开采等16类重点行业工作场所重点岗位重点职业病危害因素浓度/强度进行检测,对收集的数据进行统计、分析。结果该次监测用人单位为244家,用人单位总人数37182名,接触职业病危害因素总人数18659名,占比50.18%。开展矽尘浓度、苯浓度、甲苯浓度、二甲苯浓度、1,2-二氯乙烷浓度、三氯甲烷浓度、正己烷浓度、噪声强度监测的用人单位分别为93家、152家、152家、152家、150家、150家、149家、244家,岗位超标率分别为23.90%、0.42%、1.49%、3.19%、1.08%、3.88%、0.65%、41.14%。开展乙苯浓度、三氯乙烯浓度、铅及无机其化合物浓度监测的用人单位分别为150家、150家、1家,监测结果均无超标。结论该市应重点防控的职业病危害因素为矽尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷、噪声。以上8种因素均存在接触劳动者数量大、体检率偏低,监测结果均存在超标情况,对执业者的健康风险存在较大影响。

Objective Through the monitoring of occupational hazard factors in employers,to investigate the distribution characteristics of occupational hazard factors in key industries in Foshan,and to assess the impact of occupational hazard factors exposure on the health of workers.Methods From March to August 2020,the concentration/intensity of key occupational hazards in key positions in 16 types of key industries such as coal mining were detected,and the collected data were collected and analyzed.Results There were 244 employers,37182 in total,and 18659(50.18%)exposed to occupational disease inductive factors.There were 93,152,152,152,150,150,149,and 244 respectively employing units for monitoring silica dust concentration,benzene concentration,toluene concentration,xylene concentration,1,2-dichloroethane concentration,chloroform concentration,n-hexane concentration,and noise intensity monitoring.The post-excess rates were 23.90%,0.42%,1.49%,3.19%,1.08%,3.88%,0.65%,41.14%.There were 150 employers,150 employers,and 1 employer that carried out monitoring of ethylbenzene concentration,trichloroethylene concentration,lead and inorganic compound concentration,and the monitoring results did not exceed the standard.Conclusion The occupational hazards that the city should focus on are silica dust,benzene,toluene,xylene,1,2-dichloroethane,chloroform,n-hexane,and noise.The above eight factors all have a large number of workers in contact with a low medical examination rate,and the monitoring results have exceeded the standard,which has a greater impact on the health risks of practitioners.