基层医院护士职业素质的现况调查及岗位潜能发展启示

Investigation on the Status Quo of Nurses'Professional Quality in Primary Hospitals and Enlightenment on Post Potential Development

目的了解基层医院护士综合职业素质和岗位潜能现状,为医院分类分层的人才培养提供发展指导。方法以胜任素质理论以及“人冰山下潜能动力模型”等为理论依据,构建并检验了基层医院护士的职业素质与岗位潜能指标体系。结果对基层医院419名护士进行测评。综合职业素质中,稳定性得分最高,创新意识、合作性及学习素质居次,其余6项分值低于50分,其中服务意识、管理意识与营销意识得分最低。在四大岗位潜能方面,匹配人数为教学服务类143名、生产技术类115名、创新研究类83名与综合管理类78名。综合管理类占比最高是以30岁以下“青年”护士人群占41.03%,其次是30~39岁“中青年”护士人群占比39.74%。教学服务类占比最高是30~39岁“中青年”护士人群37.76%,30岁以下与40岁以上占比相当。生产技术类占比最高是19~29岁“青年护士”人群57.39%,其次30~39岁“中青年”占比33.04%。创新研究类占比最高是30~39岁“中青年”人群46.99%,其次19~29岁“青年护士”占比27.71%。结论综合职业素质中主要体现“意识不够”,在岗位潜能匹配中,青年护士更多匹配生产技术类与综合管理类,中青年护士更倾向于教学服务类与创新研究类,医院可以从完善护士的招聘选拔、培训与考核激励机制等方面入手,最终实现护理人力资源的精准化管理。

Objective To understand the comprehensive professional quality and job potential status of nurses in primary hospitals,and to provide development guidance for the training of hospitals by classification and stratification.Methods Based on the theory of competency and the"potential dynamic model under the iceberg of human beings",etc.,an indicator system for the professional quality and job potential of nurses in primary hospitals was constructed and tested.Results 419 nurses in primary hospitals were evaluated.Among the comprehensive professional qualities,stability scored the highest,followed by innovation awareness,cooperation and learning quality,and the remaining six scores were below 50 points,of which service awareness,management awareness and marketing awareness scored the lowest.In terms of the potential of the four major positions,the matching number is 143 in the teaching service category,115 in the production technology category,83 in the innovation research category and 78 in the comprehensive management category.The highest proportion of the comprehensive management category was 41.03%of the"young"nurses under the age of 30,followed by 39.74%of the 30-39-year-old"young and middle-aged"nurses.The highest proportion of teaching services was 37.76%of the 30-39-year-old"young and middle-aged"nurse population,and the proportions under 30 and over 40 were the same.The highest proportion of production technology was 57.39%of the"young nurses"aged 19-29,followed by 33.04%of the 30-39-year-old"young and middle-aged"population.The highest proportion of innovative research was 46.99%of the 30-39-year-old"young and middle-aged"population,followed by the 19-29-year-old"young nurse"who accounted for 27.71%.Conclusion The comprehensive professional quality mainly reflects the"insufficient consciousness".In the job potential matching,young nurses are more matching production technology and comprehensive management,and young and middle-aged nurses are more inclined to teaching services and innovative research.Hospitals can start by improving nurse recruitment,selection,training,and assessment and incentive mechanisms,and ultimately achieve precise management of nursing human resources.