空间之维:曾巩诗歌题材的地域观照

Dimension of Space:A Regional Consideration of the Theme of Zeng Gong’s Poetry

诗歌题材具有具体性、历史性与时代性。曾巩自北宋仁宗至神宗朝奋起陇亩、游宦四方的人生经历与复杂心态,与其诗歌题材的生成密切相关。其诗形成乡土、京师、州郡等突出地域题材,成为观照其人生与诗学的空间之维。其乡土题材主要表现陇亩奋起之志、乡里风物与家园情怀。京师题材主要书写庆历新政至熙丰变法之际负笈太学、馆阁仕宦的生活与心态。州郡前期代表为东鲁齐州题材,主要书写治理地方、沉潜山水的郡守之情;后期代表为南国福州题材,闽海书写之中备见宦海漂泊念归的人生之叹。其诗的地域题材,从认识论角度看展现了盛宋宏阔时空中的历史氛围与地方风物,从创作论角度看体现了人事感发与江山之助对其诗学的生成意义,从主体论角度看反映出其故土与他乡、地方与朝堂、进取与退藏、个人与时代之间的互动,折射出盛宋文人士大夫的精神品格与文化心态,具有独特个性与典型意义。

The theme of poetry is concrete and historical together with characteristics of the times. Zeng Gong’s life experience and complex mentality of rising up and traveling around the country from Renzong to Shenzong in Northern Song Dynasty are closely related to the theme of his poetry. His poems formed prominent themes with regional characteristics at the local,capital and county levels,which became the space dimension of his life and poetics. The local themes mainly showed ambition of rising up,local scenery and homestead feelings. The theme of the capital mainly described the life and mentality of the Imperial College and the officials in the Imperial Palace from Qingli Reforms to Xifeng Reforms. In early stages,Qizhou in eastern Shandong represented Zeng Gong’s commitment to local governance and sceneries;in later period,Fuzhou represented officials’ desire to return to their homeland. From the perspective of epistemology, the regional theme of his poems showed the historical atmosphere and local customs in the vast space and time of the prosperous Song Dynasty;from the perspective of creation theory,the regional theme of his poems reflected the significance of personal feelings and nature’s help to his poetics;from the perspective of subjectivity,the regional theme of his poems reflected the interaction between his hometown and other places,the local government and the court,ambitiousness and retreat,and individuals and the times. This also elucidated the spiritual character and cultural mentality of literati in the prosperous Song Dynasty with unique personality and typical significance.