国际社会应对突发公共卫生事件的机制、成效及其启示——以印尼脊灰疫情为例

The Mechanism,Effectiveness and Enlightenment of the International Community in Responding to Public Health Emergencies——Taking the polio outbreak in Indonesia as an example

突发公共卫生事件对人类生命健康安全构成威胁,对经济、社会的严重冲击不可低估。为降低突发公共卫生事件带来的损失与影响,向新冠肺炎疫情防控提供一定的借鉴,以2005年印尼脊灰疫情为例,从历史学的角度追溯印尼疫情再次爆发的背景,阐述了脊灰疫情爆发的偶然性与必然性。从疫情爆发前的预警机制、疫情肆虐时的响应机制和疫情后的调查与分析等方面阐释了印尼脊灰疫情应对举措,从而总结了国际组织与印尼协作应对疫情的机制与成效,得出了国际社会合作应对新冠肺炎疫情的启示。面对新冠疫情这一全球突发卫生事件,国际社会应保持高度警惕,通过构建国际监测网络、加强国际多边合作、优化应急预案、推行疫苗的研发与接种等方式来共同应对。

Public health emergencies pose a threat to human life,and the serious impact on economy,society and psychology cannot be underestimated.In order to reduce the loss and impact of such incidents,and to provide some reference for the current prevention and control of COVID 19,this paper takes the polio outbreak in Indonesia in 2005 as an example,traces back the background of the re-outbreak in Indonesia from a historical perspective,and expounds the contingency and inevitability of the outbreak of polio.Indonesia’s responses to the polio epidemic are explained from the aspects of early warning mechanism before the outbreak,response mechanism when the epidemic was raging,and investigation and analysis after the epidemic.The paper summarizes the mechanism and effectiveness of cooperation between international organizations and Indonesia to deal with the epidemic,and draws inspiration from the cooperation of the international community to deal with the COVID 19 epidemic.In the face of COVID 19,a global health emergency,the international community should remain on high alert by building an international surveillance network,strengthening multilateral cooperation,optimizing contingency plans,and promoting vaccine research and development and vaccination.