蒙古高原交通干线风沙(雪)危害防治技术方案

Ecological restoration and control technology schemes for hazards of windblown sand and snow along primary communication lines in the Mongolian Plateau

中蒙俄经济走廊建设是“一带一路”的重要组成部分,将丝绸之路经济带与俄罗斯欧亚大铁路、蒙古国“草原之路”对接联通,对推进区域经济合作发挥着重要作用。区域自然灾害防治是陆路交通干线建设与安全运营的重要关键。中蒙俄经济走廊蒙古高原段在气候变化和人类活动共同作用下,草场退化及风蚀荒漠化问题较为普遍,风沙(雪)害防治则是区域交通干线安全保障的重要课题。结合前人相关的试验理论分析,基于多次大范围实地考察,本文综述了当前蒙古高原交通干线的风沙(雪)害的主要类型及发生机制,预判了路面积沙是未来高等级公路的主要沙害类型;针对现有公路和铁路及未来高等级公路的风沙(雪)危害,结合蒙古高原的生态环境特点,制定了相应防治技术方案和建设性建议,可为蒙古高原段交通干线建设提供科技支撑。

The construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor is an important part of the“One Belt and One Road.”initiative and will play an important role in promoting regional economic cooperation by connecting the Silk Road Economic Belt with the Eurasian Railway in Russia and the“Steppe Road”in Mongolia.Construction of land transport arteries is an important part of infrastructure connectivity in the Belt and Road Initiative and regional natural disaster control is key to its construction and safe operation.Under the joint action of climate change and human activities,grassland degradation and wind-erosion desertification are quite common in the Mongolian Plateau.The control of windblown sand and snow damage will be an important topic for regional traffic arteries.Using field studies and data analysis of existing traffic lines across the Mongolian Plateau,this paper systematically reviewed the main types and mechanisms of windblown sand and snow hazards in the Mongolian Plateau traffic arteries and predicted the main types of hazards for future highways.For hazards of windblown sand and snow caused by existing roads,railways,and future high-grade roads,a corresponding prevention and control technical scheme and feasible suggestions were formulated based on ecological environment characteristics of the Mongolian Plateau.This aims to provide scientific and technological support for the construction of traffic trunk lines across the Mongolian Plateau.