中国植被分类系统改进及命名探讨

A discussion on the Improvement of Chinese Vegetation Classification System and Nomenclature

综合世界植被和中国植被的分类进展,以群落外貌、结构、动态、种类组成、成因和生境相结合为依据,提出一个新改进的中国植被分类系统。该分类系统仍坚持将植被型(Vegetation type)、群系(Alliance)和群丛(Associaton)作为植被分类的基本等级,但群系的英文建议用"Alliance",而不用"Formation"。植被型以上设置植被纲(Class of vegetation types)、植被亚纲(Subclass of vegetation types)和植被型组(Group of vegetation types)作为辅助分类单位,植被型以下建议不设过多的分类辅助等级。我们将自然植被分类系统的高级分类单位分为3个植被纲,7个植被亚纲,12个植被型组,76个植被型。植被型等级编排了分类代码。新改进的分类系统与中国植被1980分类系统的主要区别是:将冻原、荒漠、沼泽分别作为一种植被类型的生长环境,而非作为一种植被类型来看待,以示与地貌学和自然地理学相关概念区分;新增簇生叶类植被亚纲和相关植被型,将竹类分别归并到森林植被和灌丛植被相关等级;依据草本植物的生态类型、植被成因及其动态,将草本植被分成草原、草甸和草丛3个植被型组。植被命名的方法作为植被分类的重要内容之一,也在文中进行了重点探讨。

Reviewed the classification progress of vegetation in the world and in China,a new classificationsystem and nomenclature of Chinese vegetation was presented based on appearance,structure,dynamics,species composition,formation causes and habitat of the community.The principal hierarchy of classificationranks including Vegetation type,Alliance and Associaton were steady,but the word"Alliance"was suggestedto replace the word"Formation".Classes of vegetation types,Subclasses of vegetation types,and Group ofvegetation types were introduced as supplementary ranks above the vegetation type.It was not recommended toset too many auxiliary ranks below the vegetation type.The high classification units of the natural vegetationclassification system were concluded into 3 vegetation classes,7 vegetation subclasses,12 vegetation typegroups,and 76 vegetation types respectively.The vegetation types were assigned classification codes.The maindifferences between the new classification system and the Chinese vegetation classification system in 1980 wasthat the tundra,desert,and swamp were considered as a vegetation habitat instead of being described as a type of vegetation respectively.In order to distinguish between the same concepts in Geomorphology and Physicalgeography,vegetation subclasses and vegetation types of Fasciculate-leaved forest were added to the newsystem,and bamboos were individually classified into forest vegetation and shrub vegetation.The herbaceousvegetation was divided into steppe,meadow and grassland respectively,according to the ecological type of theherbs,formation causes of vegetation and community dynamics.As one of the important works of vegetationclassification,the methods of vegetation nomenclature were also provided.