激光增材制造过程数值仿真技术综述

Numerical simulation of laser additive manufacturing process:A review

数值仿真是研究激光增材制造过程中各类物理现象、揭示零件缺陷形成机理、优化增材制造工艺参数的重要手段,该领域学者针对增材制造过程中的热分析、金属粉末颗粒性质分析、微观结构分析、质量缺陷成因分析等方面,开展了大量研究,提出了相应的数学模型和方法。激光增材制造过程的数值仿真是一个在空间和时间上均跨越多个尺度的复杂问题,微观、介观、宏观尺度下数值仿真所关注的对象和所使用的方法各不相同;多数研究聚焦于某一尺度下的过程仿真,另一部分研究则基于不同模型的数据关系建立模型间的耦合关系,实现热-相、热-力的综合分析。对现阶段激光增材制造数值仿真领域的主要技术进行了综述,在梳理数值仿真基本流程的基础上,对其中涉及的热源模型,粉末模型,力学模型以及微观结构模型进行了介绍,讨论了其特点和适用性;结合相关技术领域的发展,探讨了激光增材制造数值仿真技术的发展方向,旨在为本领域的技术研究与发展提供参考。

Numerical simulation is an important means to study various physical phenomena in the process of laser additive manufacturing,reveal the formation mechanism of part defects,and optimize the process parameters.Extensive research has been conducted in the analysis of thermal processes,metal powder particle properties,microstructure,quality defect causes,and many other aspects,and corresponding mathematical models and methods have been proposed.The numerical simulation of laser additive manufacturing process is a complex problem spanning multiple scales in both space and time.The objects and methods used in numerical simulation in micro,meso and macro scales are different.Most existing research focuses on process simulation at a certain scale,and other research usually establishes the coupling relationship among models based on their data relationship to achieve a comprehensive thermal-phase or thermal-mechanical analysis.This paper reviews current main technologies in the field of numerical simulation of laser additive manufacturing.Based on the basic process of numerical simulation,the involved heat source model,powder model,mechanical model and microstructure model are introduced,and their characteristics and applicability discussed.Considering the development of related technical fields,the direction of research on numerical simulation technology of laser additive manufacturing is discussed,hoping to provide reference for the technical development in this field.