诗画融合与中国文学写人传统的形成及特质

The Fusion of Poetry and Painting with the Formation and Trait of Portraying Characters In Chinese Literature

在中国文学的文本创构中,写人时常与抒情、叙事交互并行,具有悠久的历史。放眼看去,它先是寄生于以"赋比兴"诗法为核心的诗骚创作中,后得绘画"传神写照"艺术与艺理滋润,进而融合成以"气韵生动""诗情画意"为底蕴的写人传统。在这一传统形成过程中,立象尽意、气韵生动、情景交融等文本创构笔法得以不断熟能生巧。相对于偏重时间性的史家实录叙事而言,自《世说新语》以来的稗家写人特别崇尚传神写照,以虚拟的画境空间感取胜。历经唐代传奇小说,至明清章回小说,诗骚比象写意与绘画传神写照等创作经验得以发扬光大,形成空间化、立体感的诗情画意写人"画境"。对于这种诗画融合所营造的作为中国文学写人特质的"画境",人们常以"如画""逼真""若活"等修辞术语赞美之。

In the text creation of Chinese literature,writing people often goes hand in hand with lyrical and narrative interaction,and has a long history.It was first parasitic in the creation of poetry and Sao(骚)with the"Fu Bi Xing"(赋、比、兴)poetry as the core,and then the painting"vivid portrayal"art and artistic theory were nourished and then merged into"vivid spirit"and"poetic and pictorial splendor"as the background.In the process of the formation of this tradition,the writing styles of text creation,such as the creation of images,vivid spirit and rhyme and the fusion of feelings with the natural setting,have been constantly practiced to achieve perfection.Compared with historians’narratives that emphasize timeliness,the novelists since New Accounts of Old Episodes have vigorously advocated vivid portrayal,winning with a sense of virtual painting space.Through the legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty and the chapter novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the creative experience of poetry and poems like images and vivid portrayal of painting has been carried forward,forming a poetic and pictorial wonderland which is spatial and three-dimensional.People often praise the wonderland created by this fusion of poetry and painting with rhetorical terms such as"picturesque","realistic"and"lively".