中国锂资源供需现状分析

Analysis of existing circumstance of supply and demand on China′s lithium resources

随着新能源、新材料等战略性新兴产业的迅猛发展,非常规能源、稀土元素、锂等新兴产业矿产资源需求逐步凸显。锂作为《全国矿产资源规划2016—2020》中的稀缺新兴矿产资源之一,加之近年来国际上对新能源汽车产业的重视,导致锂资源需求逐年增加。虽然中国的锂资源量具有一定的优势,但是产业发展布局不合理、资源开发跟不上产业发展要求、基础锂盐多数依赖原料进口,因此中国对于锂资源的开发和利用能力有待加强。总结了包括盐湖卤水型、硬岩型以及地下深层卤水型3种类型的中国锂资源整体赋存情况。分析了各类型锂资源的研究现状和相关开采技术;同时结合目前中国锂资源的供需现状,剖析了各类型锂资源的生产供应情况。指出目前中国盐湖卤水型锂资源产量不足,硬岩型锂矿供应对外依存度高,而深层地下卤水有望成为未来锂资源的有力补充。建议加强对地下深层卤水型锂资源的调查评价和资源综合利用研究。

With the rapid development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy and new materials,the demand for mineral resources in emerging industries such as unconventional energy,rare earth elements and lithium has become increasingly prominent.Lithium is one of the scarce emerging mineral resources in the“National Mineral Resources Planning 2016-2020”.In addition,the international attention to the new energy vehicle industry in recent years has led to an increase in the demand for lithium resources year by year.Although China has a certain advantage in the amount of lithium resources,the industrial development layout is not reasonable,resource development can not keep up with the requirements of industrial development,and most of the basic lithium salt depends on the import of raw materials,so the development and utilization capacity of lithium resources in China needs to be strengthened.The overall occurrence of three types of lithium resources in China was summarized,including salt lake brine type,hard rock type and deep underground brine type,and the research status and related mining technology of each type of lithium resources were analyzed.At the same time,combining the present situation of supply and demand of lithium resources in China,the production of various types of lithium resources supply situation was analyzed.It was pointed out that the current production of Chinese salt lake brine type lithium resources was short in China,hard rock type lithium supply was high external dependency,and deep underground brine was expected to become the future lithium resources powerful supplement.It was suggested to strengthen the investigation of deep underground brine type lithium resources evaluation and the study of comprehensive utilization of resources.