数字人民币防范互联网平台数据垄断风险的作用机理

Action Mechanism of e-CNY to Prevent the Risk of Data Monopoly on Internet Platform

近年来,大型互联网平台企业利用数据垄断优势进行“大数据杀熟”的现象屡见不鲜,既侵占了消费者利益,又给反垄断部门执法带来了较大挑战。中国人民银行正在试行的数字人民币为治理大型平台企业的数据垄断问题提供了新可能。通过构建消费者和平台企业的博弈模型,分析数字人民币发行后双方的演化稳定策略,结果表明:数字人民币的可控匿名等设计能保护消费者支付隐私,抑制“大数据杀熟”,进而助力防范平台企业的数据垄断风险。数字人民币能够提高用户支付效用,增强消费者使用意愿,并通过不断分流平台企业数据降低数据垄断风险。防止大型平台企业利用数据垄断优势攫取不正当利益,应尽快推进数据要素权属立法保护,创新支付领域反垄断与金融监管方式,加大数字人民币稳妥推进力度,推动数字支付市场不断审慎创新。

It is common for giant internet platform enterprises to use big data to price discriminate among future customers,which not only deeply seize the interests of consumers,but also brings great challenges to antitrust department.The e-CNY,which is being steadily implemented by the People's Bank Of China,will provide new possibilities for governing the chaos of platform enterprise data monopoly.The game model of consumers and platform enterprises is constructed to analyze the evolutionarily stable strategy of both sides after the issuance of e-CNY.The research shows that the controllable anonymity design of e-CNY can protect consumers'payment privacy,inhibit the price discrimination,and effectively reduce the data monopoly risk of platform enterprises.At the same time,e-CNY can improve users'payment utility,improve consumers'willingness to use,and reduce the risk of data monopoly by continuously distributing platform enterprise data.In order to prevent the platform enterprises from seizing illegitimate interests,China should promote the legislative protection of data element ownership,innovate the way of anti-monopoly and financial supervision in payment field,strengthen the steady promotion of e-CNY,and enhance the prudent innovation of digital payment market.