社会治理范围的模糊、清晰与泛化--理论、政策与实践的三种视角

The Scope of Social Governance in China:Perspectives of Theory,Policy,and Practice

社会治理的范围问题同时是理论和实践问题。本文试图就此提供一个包含理论、政策与实践三维的分析框架。基于政策文本和省级党政部门的访谈分析发现,社会治理范围及其标准在三个维度上存在较大差异。学理层面,社会治理是一种多元共治的理想型组织架构,范围介于社会与公共领域之间。中央政策层面,社会治理范围比较明确,包括与社会秩序和活力相关的公共安全、矛盾化解、社会组织、基层治理四个核心领域。实践层面,由于地方政府认识、目标、主要矛盾、治理思路与手段的多样性,社会风险的遍及性,以及治理竞争的助推,社会治理通过多种路径实现范围的泛化。三者的差异是理解当前我国社会治理的基础,而且交相影响推动社会治理实践动态发展。

The scope of social governance is both a theoretical and practical issue in contemporary China.To understand social governance,this paper suggests an analytical framework from the theoretical,policy,and practical dimensions.Based on the analysis of policy documents and interviews from three provinces,we found the scope of social governance varies greatly in three levels.At the academic level,social governance is more of an ideal organizational structure of multiple governances,and its scope lies in the fuzzy zone between the social field and the public field.At the policy level,the scope of social governance is relatively clear,mainly including public security,conflict resolution,social organization,and grass-roots governance related to social order and vitality.At the practical level,due to the diversity of local government's understandings,objectives,challenges,values and means,and the universality of risks,social governance can be generalized to many areas.The differences between the three dimensions set the basis for understanding the current governance practice in China,and the interactions between them collectively promote the developments in social governance practice.