准实在论的理性问题及其启示

The Rationality Problem of Quasi-Realism and Its Enlightenment

准实在论从反实在论出发,把实际上所有判断都理解为表达心灵的各种实践性思想或反应模式,如习惯、倾向、态度、情感等,而不是描述世界的信念。这一理论意味着包括自然科学、社会科学等以判断形式表达的思想的形成和接受以及实践性思想都是非理性的。这一问题的根源在于这个理论的前提、逻辑、方法都是不健全的,尤其是它没有贯彻语用学的语境原则、去分析判断在语境中的关系。对判断所处语境的分析可以展示出实践语境的实践理性逻辑结构,这种为目的服务的逻辑结构决定了判断是在特定共同体范围内有真理性的信念,科学判断在全人类范围内有普遍真理性,也决定了判断的形成和判定要遵循为真理服务的理论理性。

Starting from the anti-realist perspective,Quasi-realism actually sees all judgments as various practical thoughts or response modes that express the mind,such as habits,tendencies,attitudes,emotions,etc.,rather than as beliefs describing the world.This theory has the implication that the formation and acceptance of the thoughts expressed?in the form of judgment including natural science and social science,as well as practical thoughts are irrational.The root of this problem is that its premise,logic and method are incorrect,especially in that it fails to carry out the context principle of pragmatics and analyze the relationships in the context of these judgments.The analysis of the context of judgments shows the logical structure of practical rationality of the context.This purpose-serving logical structure determines that judgments express the beliefs with truth-value within the scope of some particular community,that scientific judgment has universal truth-value among all mankind,and that their formation and valuation should follow the theoretical rationality which serves truth.